Hummingbirds are captivating birds that grace Delaware’s landscapes during the warmer months. These tiny, iridescent creatures are a familiar sight across the state. While they spend spring and summer breeding, their presence is temporary as they prepare for an impressive migratory journey.
Key Departure Period
Ruby-throated hummingbirds, the most common species observed in Delaware, typically begin their southward migration in September. Many individuals will have departed the state by the end of October, although some stragglers might be seen later, occasionally even into November. The departure is often staggered, with adult males usually initiating the journey first, followed by females and then the younger, newly fledged birds. This allows males to secure prime foraging locations along the migration route and reduces competition for resources among the various age and sex groups. These birds undertake an arduous journey to their wintering grounds in Central America or Mexico.
Factors Triggering Migration
The timing of hummingbird migration is primarily influenced by environmental and biological cues. Shortening daylight hours, known as photoperiod, signals the changing seasons. Declining temperatures also play a role. As days grow shorter and cooler, natural food sources like nectar-producing flowers and insects become less abundant. This reduction in available sustenance prompts hummingbirds to prepare for their long flight. To fuel their journey, hummingbirds engage in intense feeding, gaining 25-40% of their body weight in fat reserves for the extensive travel ahead.
Observing Before They Depart
For those wishing to observe hummingbirds before their departure, providing accessible food sources is beneficial.
Using Feeders
Keeping hummingbird feeders well-maintained and filled with a sugar solution is an effective way to attract them. The recommended mixture is four parts water to one part white granulated sugar; red dye or honey should not be added. It is important to clean feeders frequently, ideally every few days, to prevent spoilage and mold growth, which can harm the birds.
Planting Flowers
Planting nectar-rich flowers in your garden can also draw hummingbirds. Species with tubular, brightly colored blooms, particularly red and orange, are especially attractive. Examples include Bee Balm, Trumpet Vine, Salvia, Cardinal Flower, and Honeysuckle, which provide abundant nectar. Ensuring a continuous bloom cycle from late summer into early fall can support these birds as they prepare for migration. These efforts provide energy for hummingbirds, and leaving feeders up until two weeks after the last sighting ensures that late-migrating individuals have access to food without delaying their natural departure.