Hummingbirds are small, energetic birds known for their rapid wingbeats and ability to hover. Texas is a significant location for these captivating creatures, serving as a breeding ground, a migratory pathway, and even a wintering destination for various species. Their presence in the state is largely tied to their migratory patterns, which are influenced by seasonal changes and the availability of nectar sources.
Hummingbird Spring Arrival
Hummingbird spring migration into Texas typically begins in late February to early March, especially in the southern parts of the state. This northward movement continues, with birds arriving in central and eastern Texas by mid-March to May. Males often arrive before females, establishing territories.
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is a primary species observed during spring, particularly in East Texas, as it makes its way to breeding grounds across the eastern U.S. and Canada. The Black-chinned Hummingbird is also a common spring arrival, becoming abundant in central and western Texas. Their arrival timing is linked to warming temperatures and the blooming of nectar-rich flowers, which provide fuel for their journeys.
Fall Migration and Wintering Hummingbirds
As summer transitions to fall, hummingbirds begin their return migration, typically from August through October, heading south to Mexico and Central America. Texas serves as a stopover point, where many species pause to refuel before undertaking long flights, including the non-stop journey across the Gulf of Mexico. Peak sightings for Ruby-throated Hummingbirds during fall migration often occur in early September, particularly along the South Texas coast where they gather to build up fat reserves.
Texas also serves as a wintering ground for some hummingbird species. Rufous Hummingbirds pass through western Texas, and some may winter along the coast or in the southern half of the state. Calliope Hummingbirds, the smallest in North America, are also seen in western Texas during fall migration and can be present through winter months. Other species like the Buff-bellied Hummingbird are found in South Texas and along the Gulf Coast year-round.
Attracting Hummingbirds to Your Yard
To attract hummingbirds, providing appropriate food sources is important. A sugar-water solution for feeders should consist of four parts water to one part granulated white sugar. Avoid adding red dye, as it is unnecessary and can be harmful to the birds.
Regular cleaning of feeders is necessary to prevent mold and bacterial growth, which can sicken hummingbirds. Feeders should be cleaned every 3 to 5 days, or daily in hot weather, using a mixture of one part white vinegar to four parts water, and thoroughly rinsed without soap.
Beyond feeders, planting native, nectar-rich flowers can attract hummingbirds. Excellent choices for Texas gardens include:
- Various salvias
- Flame acanthus
- Turk’s cap
- Trumpet vine
Providing perching spots and avoiding pesticides also contributes to a hummingbird-friendly environment.