Hummingbirds, with their iridescent feathers and rapid wingbeats, are captivating visitors to North Texas. These tiny birds undertake impressive journeys. Their arrival marks a period of increased activity and vibrant displays in local gardens and natural areas.
The Arrival Calendar
Hummingbirds begin their spring migration into North Texas between mid-March and May. The most common species, Ruby-throated and Black-chinned hummingbirds, are among the first to arrive. Male Ruby-throated hummingbirds often lead the migration, appearing as early as late February or mid-March, with females following shortly after. Black-chinned hummingbirds also appear during this period, generally between mid-March and early May. In North Texas, their prevalence is most noticeable from mid-March to mid-April. To prepare for these early arrivals, set up feeders by early March, or no later than March 15th.
Understanding Their Journey
Hummingbirds embark on migratory journeys from their wintering grounds in Mexico and Central America to their breeding territories further north. Ruby-throated hummingbirds can travel up to 2,500 miles, with some undertaking a non-stop flight across the Gulf of Mexico. Other species, like the Black-chinned hummingbird, winter in parts of Northeast and Western Mexico before migrating. Texas serves as an important stopover point, situated within two major migration pathways: the Central and Mississippi Flyways.
The timing of their northward migration aligns with the blooming of flowers that provide nectar. To sustain their high metabolism and long flights, hummingbirds consume both nectar and small insects for energy and protein. After their breeding season in North Texas, these birds begin their southward journey, departing from July through mid-November.
Welcoming Them to Your Yard
Attracting hummingbirds to your yard in North Texas involves providing reliable food sources and suitable habitats. Set out feeders by early to mid-March to ensure they have sustenance upon arrival. Prepare a simple nectar solution by mixing one part pure white granulated table sugar with four parts water. Avoid using honey, brown sugar, artificial sweeteners, or red dye, as these can be harmful to the birds. While boiling the water is not strictly necessary, ensure the sugar is fully dissolved.
Regular maintenance of feeders is important to prevent mold growth, which can sicken hummingbirds. Clean feeders every few days, ideally every three to five days, and more frequently during hot weather. Placing feeders in shaded areas can help slow nectar spoilage. Any extra nectar solution can be stored in the refrigerator for up to two weeks.
Complementing feeders with native plants like Salvia, Turk’s Cap, Bee Balm, Red Yucca, Coral Honeysuckle, and Trumpet Vine can attract hummingbirds, offering natural nectar sources and contributing to a healthier ecosystem. It is acceptable to leave feeders out year-round in Texas, as some hummingbird species may overwinter in the region.