Hummingbirds are captivating seasonal visitors that bring vibrant energy to Michigan’s landscapes during the warmer months. These tiny, fast-moving birds are a welcome sight as they dart among flowers and feeders, signaling the arrival of spring and the abundance of summer. Understanding their habits and needs can help residents appreciate and support these remarkable creatures during their time in the state.
The Annual Arrival
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the primary species observed in Michigan, undertaking an annual migration. These birds spend their winters in southern Mexico and Central America, as far south as Costa Rica. Many embark on a non-stop flight across the Gulf of Mexico, a journey that spans 600 miles and lasts up to 20 hours.
Hummingbirds begin to appear in Michigan starting in late April, with arrivals continuing into May. Males arrive first in mid-April to establish feeding territories. Peak numbers in the southern Lower Peninsula are seen by mid-May, with birds appearing further north later in the month. The exact timing of their arrival can vary depending on weather patterns and the availability of early nectar sources.
Welcoming Hummingbirds to Your Yard
Attracting hummingbirds to your outdoor space involves providing accessible food sources. Feeders filled with a simple sugar-water solution are effective. The recommended recipe is one part white granulated sugar dissolved in four parts water; red dye should not be added, as it offers no benefit and may be harmful. While boiling the water is not necessary, it helps dissolve the sugar and is useful for larger batches.
Feeders should be placed in shaded areas, away from windows, and near trees where the birds can perch. Cleanliness is important; feeders should be cleaned frequently, especially in hot weather, to prevent mold growth. Use hot water and a brush, or a vinegar solution, rinsing thoroughly before refilling.
Supplementing feeders with nectar-rich plants provides natural food and habitat. Native Michigan plants such as Bee Balm (Monarda), Wild Columbine, and Cardinal Flower are good choices. Trumpet Honeysuckle also attracts these birds with its tubular flowers. Planting a variety of these species with staggered bloom times ensures a continuous supply of nectar from spring through fall.
Hummingbird Life in Michigan
During their stay in Michigan, Ruby-throated Hummingbirds engage in breeding and foraging activities. The female builds a small, cup-shaped nest, often in a tree or shrub, and lays two eggs. She incubates the eggs for 12 to 14 days, with the nestlings fledging 18 to 22 days after hatching. Males participate in courtship but do not assist with nesting or raising the young.
Beyond feeder nectar, hummingbirds consume natural flower nectar and small insects, which are a source of protein. They are territorial, especially the males, who defend feeding areas from other hummingbirds. This helps ensure access to resources.
As summer draws to a close, hummingbirds prepare for their southward migration. Males begin their journey first, departing in late August. Females and juveniles follow, with most hummingbirds leaving Michigan by the end of September for their wintering grounds.