Hummingbirds, with their iridescent plumage and aerial maneuvers, captivate observers. These tiny birds, unique to the Western Hemisphere, bring vibrant activity to Kansas’s natural beauty. Their annual arrival signals a shift in seasons, welcoming warmth and blooming flora.
The Annual Arrival Window
Hummingbirds begin their journey into Kansas in mid-April, marking the start of their active season in the state. Males are the first to arrive, venturing north to establish territories, with females following several weeks later. The peak period for hummingbird arrivals occurs in May. They remain in Kansas throughout the warmer months, with some staying as late as October. Departure times vary; males may begin southward migration as early as July, followed by females and younger birds in August or September.
Factors Guiding Their Journey
Hummingbirds undertake a long journey to Kansas each year, guided by precise environmental signals. They migrate thousands of miles from wintering grounds located in Central America and Mexico. Key factors prompting this migration include changes in daylight hours, specifically the length and angle of sunlight, and a rise in ambient temperatures. Before traveling, these birds accumulate significant fat reserves to fuel their demanding flights.
Some species exhibit an impressive migratory feat, crossing the 500-mile Gulf of Mexico in a single, non-stop flight lasting approximately 20 hours. They undertake these journeys individually, flying at low altitudes and skillfully utilizing tailwinds to conserve energy. The availability of blooming flowers and insects along their migration routes and at their destination also plays a role in their timing, ensuring a continuous food supply.
Common Kansas Hummingbird Visitors
Among the various hummingbird species found in the United States, the Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the most frequently observed in Kansas. This species is particularly prevalent in the eastern half of the state, where it also breeds. Male Ruby-throated Hummingbirds are easily identified by their iridescent green backs and a striking bright red throat, while females typically display a duller appearance with a white throat. While the Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the primary resident, other species may pass through Kansas during their migratory periods. Less common visitors include:
Rufous Hummingbird
Broad-tailed Hummingbird
Calliope Hummingbird
Black-chinned Hummingbird
Anna’s Hummingbird
Costa’s Hummingbird
Broad-billed Hummingbird
These occasional sightings add to the diversity of hummingbird observations in the region.
Preparing for Their Return
For those eager to welcome hummingbirds, preparing your outdoor space can significantly increase your chances of attracting them. Setting up feeders is a straightforward method to provide a food source. The nectar for these feeders can be easily prepared by mixing one part plain white granulated sugar with four parts water until the sugar dissolves; it is important to avoid adding red dye, honey, or artificial sweeteners, as these can be harmful.
Maintaining feeder hygiene is important for the birds’ health, requiring cleaning every two to three days in temperate weather, and daily during hot periods. Feeders should be thoroughly rinsed with hot water, and a solution of one part white vinegar to two to four parts water can be used for deeper cleaning, ensuring no soap residue remains.
Additionally, planting tubular, brightly colored flowers, especially those in shades of red and orange, can naturally draw hummingbirds to your yard. Known attractants include:
Salvia
Cardinal Flower
Bee Balm
Trumpet Honeysuckle
Placing feeders in semi-protected areas and minimizing pesticide use also contribute to a more welcoming environment.