Hummingbirds, known for their rapid wingbeats and aerial agility, are captivating creatures that regularly visit Florida. Their presence varies throughout the year, following distinct seasonal patterns.
Hummingbird Visitors and Their Seasonal Journeys
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the most common species seen in Florida, acting as both a winter resident and a transient visitor during migration. Many Ruby-throated Hummingbirds begin their southbound journey from northern breeding grounds in late summer, with peak migration in September. Florida serves as a significant wintering ground for some, while others continue to Mexico and Central America, undertaking impressive flights across the Gulf of Mexico.
In spring, Ruby-throated Hummingbirds start their return migration, arriving in Florida from late February to early March. Males often precede females by about a week, establishing territories before the females arrive. While the Ruby-throated is prevalent, Florida also hosts other species during cooler months. Black-chinned and Rufous Hummingbirds are occasional winter visitors, with some Rufous hummingbirds wintering in Florida. Less common species like Buff-bellied, Calliope, and Allen’s hummingbirds have also been recorded passing through or wintering.
What Influences Their Arrival
Hummingbird arrivals in Florida are primarily governed by environmental and biological cues. Changes in daylight and the sun’s angle trigger their migratory instincts, signaling when to embark on long journeys.
While internal clocks are key, external factors also influence arrival dates. Weather patterns, like temperature shifts and cold fronts, can affect their movement. Food availability, including nectar and insects, is also a factor, as hummingbirds need fat reserves for migration. Climate change, by altering flowering seasons, can affect the synchronicity between hummingbird arrival and peak nectar availability.
Welcoming Hummingbirds to Your Yard
To attract hummingbirds, homeowners can provide artificial feeders with a simple sugar-water solution. The recommended ratio is one part refined white sugar dissolved in four parts water; avoid honey, brown sugar, or artificial sweeteners as they can be harmful. Do not add red dye to the solution, as it is unnecessary and potentially detrimental.
Maintain feeder hygiene for hummingbird health. Clean feeders regularly to prevent mold and bacterial growth; daily or every other day in hot weather, or every three days in cooler conditions. Planting native nectar-rich flowers also encourages these birds, such as Firebush, Coral Honeysuckle, Coralbean, and Cardinalflower. Creating a safe environment involves minimizing pesticide use, especially neonicotinoids, which can negatively impact their metabolism.