Ruby-throated Hummingbirds are the most commonly observed species in New Jersey. These tiny birds are known for their vibrant, often iridescent, colors and their unique ability to hover in mid-air, a feat achieved by wings that can beat 50 to 70 times per second. They sustain their high metabolism primarily through a diet of nectar.
Annual Arrival in New Jersey
Ruby-throated Hummingbirds embark on an impressive migratory journey north from their wintering grounds in Central America and southern Mexico. They typically begin to reappear in New Jersey around mid-April, though their arrival can extend into early May. These resilient birds can fly non-stop for extensive periods, including a remarkable 500-mile crossing of the Gulf of Mexico that can last up to 20 hours.
Males usually lead the migration, arriving in New Jersey seven to ten days earlier than females. This timing allows males to establish and defend breeding territories. While mid-April marks the general timeframe, specific arrival dates can fluctuate slightly each year, influenced by prevailing weather conditions and the birds’ energy reserves. Hummingbirds might also be sighted earlier in southern New Jersey compared to northern regions.
Summer Residency and Fall Departure
Once settled in New Jersey, Ruby-throated Hummingbirds spend the summer breeding and raising their young. They seek suitable habitats near forest edges, meadows, and gardens, where they find ample food sources. Females construct small, cup-shaped nests on thin branches, where they lay and incubate their eggs. Throughout this period, they rely on nectar from flowers and small insects for sustenance.
As days shorten and temperatures cool, these hummingbirds prepare for their southward migration back to their wintering grounds. Departure from New Jersey generally starts in late July and continues through early September. Most Ruby-throated Hummingbirds will have left the state by the end of August. Decreasing daylight and reduced food availability signal their journey back to Florida, Central America, and southern Mexico.
Welcoming Hummingbirds to Your Yard
Attracting hummingbirds to your yard in New Jersey can be a rewarding experience. Setting up feeders filled with a sugar-water solution provides a valuable energy source for these active birds. The recommended mixture is one part plain white granulated sugar dissolved in four parts water. Do not use red dye, honey, or artificial sweeteners, as these can be harmful. While boiling the water is not strictly necessary, ensuring the sugar is fully dissolved is important.
Maintaining feeder cleanliness is important for the birds’ health. In warmer weather, change the solution and clean the feeder daily or every other day to prevent fermentation and mold growth. During cooler periods, cleaning two to three times a week may suffice. Clean feeders thoroughly using hot water and a brush, avoiding soap, which can leave harmful residues.
Planting nectar-rich flowers is an effective way to attract hummingbirds. They are particularly drawn to bright red or orange tubular flowers. Excellent choices for New Jersey gardens include native species such as Cardinal Flower, Trumpet Vine, Bee Balm, and Coral Honeysuckle. Arranging these plants in conspicuous clusters can make them more visible. Providing a shallow bird bath or a gentle water mister can also offer drinking and bathing opportunities.