Hummingbirds, with their shimmering plumage and rapid wingbeats, undertake incredible migratory journeys. Their annual appearance brings a burst of life and color to gardens and natural spaces. Witnessing their aerial acrobatics and iridescent beauty is a captivating experience.
Typical Arrival in Indiana
Hummingbirds arrive in Indiana around mid-April, with peak spring migration from late April into early May. Early arrivals can be observed in the first week of April, especially in southern parts of the state. They embark on their northward journey from wintering grounds in Central and South America in February.
Their migration is influenced by increasing daylight hours, rising temperatures, and early blooming flowers for nectar. Many undertake a non-stop flight across the Gulf of Mexico, lasting 18 to 22 hours. Male hummingbirds are often the first to complete this trip, arriving in Indiana before the females. Annual variations in weather can alter the exact timing of their arrival.
Preparing for Hummingbird Visitors
Attracting hummingbirds involves providing food sources and habitat. Red feeders are effective. Select feeders easy to disassemble and clean for bird health. Placing feeders in shaded areas helps keep nectar fresh longer, preventing spoiling from direct sunlight.
A simple nectar solution is one part white sugar mixed with four parts water. Use only plain white granulated sugar; avoid red dyes, honey, or artificial sweeteners, as these can be harmful to hummingbirds. Change this homemade solution every three to four days, or more frequently in warmer weather, and thoroughly clean feeders to prevent mold. Store extra nectar in the refrigerator for up to a week.
Supplementing feeders with native plants offering natural nectar enhances your yard’s appeal. Species such as cardinal flower, trumpet honeysuckle, bee balm, and columbine attract hummingbirds in Indiana. They are drawn to tubular flowers, especially red or orange ones. Creating a diverse garden with these plants ensures a continuous food supply throughout their stay.
Beyond Arrival: Species and Departure
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the most commonly observed and only nesting species in Indiana. While other species like the Rufous Hummingbird are occasionally sighted, they are rare visitors. In Indiana, they require nectar for energy and small insects for protein, important for adults and their young.
As summer ends, hummingbirds prepare for southward migration. Their departure from Indiana typically starts in late July, with most birds having left by late August or early September. Some individuals, especially those migrating from further north, may still be seen into October. The shortening of daylight hours, rather than temperature changes, is believed to trigger their migratory instinct.