Coyotes are highly adaptable canids widely distributed across North America, thriving in diverse environments from wilderness to urban fringes. Their presence sparks curiosity about their life cycles. Understanding when and how these resilient animals raise their young can foster a more informed perspective on their place in our shared landscapes.
The Reproductive Cycle: Timing of Birth
Coyotes typically enter their breeding season in late winter to early spring, often between January and March, with some regional variations influencing the exact timing. Following a gestation period that lasts approximately 60 to 63 days, coyote pups are generally born in late spring.
The primary months for coyote births are usually April and May. A typical coyote litter size ranges from four to eight pups. However, the number of pups can be influenced by factors such as the availability of food and the density of the coyote population in a given area.
Denning and Pup Rearing
After birth, coyote pups spend their initial weeks within a den, a secure location for birthing and early development. These den sites can include abandoned burrows, hollow logs, dense brush piles, rocky crevices, or even secluded spots under sheds or abandoned buildings. Coyotes will generally only use dens during the pupping season.
Newborn coyote pups are born blind and helpless, covered in dark fur, and weigh around 200-500 grams. Their eyes typically open around 10-14 days after birth. Pups begin to emerge from the den and explore their immediate surroundings around three to four weeks of age, though they remain close to the den entrance. They gradually transition from mother’s milk to solid food, often regurgitated by both parents. Both male and female coyotes raise the young, with the male often bringing food to the den for the mother and pups.
Living Alongside Coyote Families
During the sensitive pup-rearing season, it is important to practice responsible coexistence with coyotes. Keeping pets, especially dogs, on leashes is important, as coyotes may perceive off-leash dogs as a threat to their young and act defensively. Securing all outdoor food sources, such as trash bins, pet food, and fallen fruit, helps prevent coyotes from becoming habituated to human presence and encourages their natural wariness.
If a coyote seems too comfortable around people, hazing techniques can reinforce their natural aversion. This involves making loud noises, waving arms, or throwing small objects in their direction (not at them) to encourage them to leave. Avoid approaching coyote dens or pups, as parents are highly protective of their young. Maintaining a respectful distance and not feeding wild animals are key to promoting healthy interactions and ensuring the safety of both people and wildlife.