Deer scrapes are important communication hubs for white-tailed deer. A scrape is a distinct mark left on the ground by a buck, typically a cleared patch of earth accompanied by an overhanging branch. These marks provide insights into deer activities and social interactions.
Peak Scrape Activity
Bucks begin creating scrapes in late summer, with peak activity from mid-October through December. This heightened period aligns with the pre-rut and rut phases of the deer breeding season. During the two weeks leading up to peak breeding, mature bucks can make numerous scrapes per hour. While licking branches may be marked year-round, aggressive ground-pawing intensifies as testosterone levels rise in the fall. Once peak breeding begins, scrape frequency often decreases.
The Role of Scrapes in Deer Communication
Scrapes function as central communication points, conveying information through scent and visual cues. Bucks deposit scent from various glands on the overhanging “licking branch” and in the pawed earth. Forehead, pre-orbital, and nasal glands mark the licking branch, while tarsal and interdigital glands contribute scent to the ground when a buck urinates or paws the earth.
This scent signals a buck’s presence, age, dominance, and breeding readiness. “Rub-urination,” where a buck urinates over its tarsal glands, amplifies the scent in the scrape, communicating dominance. Does also visit scrapes, and their urination can signal reproductive status. This exchange of chemical signals helps synchronize breeding and establish a social hierarchy.
Factors Influencing Scrape Timing and Location
Scrape activity timing and intensity are influenced by several factors. The age structure of the buck population plays a significant role; areas with more mature bucks (two years or older) show more extensive scraping behavior. Younger bucks make fewer scrapes and may exhibit less polished skills. Deer population density also affects scrape type and frequency.
Environmental conditions, such as cooling temperatures, contribute to increased scraping. Scrapes are often found in strategic locations that maximize their communicative reach. These areas typically include well-used travel corridors, field edges, and proximity to bedding areas or food sources. Primary scrapes, often revisited annually, might appear along ridge lines or inside corners.
Recognizing a Scrape
Identifying a deer scrape involves looking for distinct features on the forest floor. It appears as a cleared, bare patch of ground, often oval or round, where a buck has pawed away leaves and vegetation. This exposed soil contrasts with the surrounding ground cover.
Directly above the pawed earth, an overhanging “licking branch” is almost always present. This branch often shows signs of use, such as being chewed, licked, or rubbed by a buck’s forehead or pre-orbital glands. Visible hoof prints from the buck can sometimes be seen within the cleared area.