Squirrels are a familiar sight in many neighborhoods, often observed scampering through trees and across lawns. These agile rodents build their homes, known as dreys, in tree cavities or nests constructed from leaves and twigs high in branches. While adult squirrels are commonly seen, their young, or kits, spend their initial weeks hidden and developing within these protective nests.
Early Development Inside the Nest
Newborn squirrels are born completely helpless, pink and hairless, with sealed eyes and ears. They are entirely dependent on their mother for warmth and nourishment. During the first two to three weeks, fur begins to grow, covering their bodies. Around three weeks, their ears open, allowing them to perceive sounds.
Around four weeks, their eyes open, enabling them to see their surroundings. By five to six weeks, kits have a full coat of fur and their first teeth emerge. At this stage, they explore within the nest, gaining mobility and coordination before venturing outside.
The Timing and Reasons for Departure
Baby squirrels begin to explore outside the drey around six to eight weeks. These initial excursions are short and cautious, always under the watchful eye of their mother. They are weaned from their mother’s milk and ready to leave the nest permanently for independence between 10 to 12 weeks.
The departure is driven by their increasing physical capabilities and the need to learn survival skills. As they grow, their mother gradually encourages them to forage for their own food and navigate the environment. This process prepares them for self-sufficiency and establishing their own territories.
Gaining Independence After Leaving
After leaving the nest, young squirrels continue to develop their abilities and independence. They learn foraging techniques, identifying various food sources like seeds, nuts, and berries. Their mother guides them in climbing trees and navigating branches, refining agility and balance for their arboreal lifestyle.
Learning to evade predators is another skill acquired during this period, as they observe and mimic their mother’s cautious behaviors. This phase is a gradual journey, not a singular event, with the young squirrels progressively relying less on maternal care. They often stay near their birth nest for a period, gradually expanding their range.
What to Do If You Encounter a Baby Squirrel
If a baby squirrel is found outside its nest, it is important to first assess its condition before intervening. If the squirrel appears healthy, is fully furred, has a bushy tail, and can run or climb, it is likely a juvenile making exploratory trips and does not require assistance. The mother is often nearby and will retrieve her young. Keeping pets and people away from the area can encourage the mother to return.
However, if the baby squirrel is injured, cold, wet, covered in insects, or has been in contact with a cat or dog, it likely needs help. In such cases, gently place the squirrel in a small box lined with a soft cloth and provide a heat source, such as a warm water bottle or a sock filled with warm rice. Do not offer food or water. Contact a local wildlife rehabilitator or animal rescue organization for guidance, as they are equipped to provide the appropriate care.