Hummingbirds, with their iridescent plumage and rapid wingbeats, are some of the smallest birds in the world, captivating observers with their aerial acrobatics and unique feeding habits. The journey of their young from egg to independent flight is a remarkable natural process. This article explores the progression of baby hummingbirds as they prepare to leave their nest and begin life on their own.
The Journey to Leaving the Nest
The development of baby hummingbirds begins with an incubation period, typically ranging from 11 to 18 days. The female hummingbird diligently incubates her two tiny, jellybean-sized eggs, rarely leaving the nest except for brief feeding excursions. These hatchlings are altricial, meaning they are born in a highly undeveloped state, blind, and with very few feathers, weighing less than a gram. They are entirely dependent on their mother for warmth and nourishment, as they cannot regulate their own body temperature.
Rapid growth characterizes the nestling phase, fueled by a protein-rich diet of insects and nectar regurgitated by the mother. Their eyes typically open around 7 to 10 days after hatching, and pin-like feathers begin to emerge around the tenth day.
By approximately two weeks of age, the young hummingbirds start exercising their wings, a crucial step in strengthening the muscles needed for flight. They are usually fully feathered by three weeks old. Fledging, the process of leaving the nest, occurs around 21 days after hatching, though it can vary between 18 to 28 days depending on the species and environmental conditions like food availability or weather.
Life Beyond the Nest
Fledging marks a significant milestone, but it does not signify complete independence for young hummingbirds. After leaving the nest, the fledglings often remain in the vicinity for a period, where their mother continues to provide care and feeding. This post-fledging parental care can last for about 7 to 10 days, during which the mother teaches her offspring how to locate and forage for nectar and small insects independently.
During this transitional phase, the young birds refine their flight skills, strengthening their wings through continued practice. They learn critical survival behaviors, such as identifying food sources and evading potential threats. While they are becoming more self-sufficient, the mother’s guidance is still important as they navigate their new world. Within about a month or two of hatching, these young hummingbirds become fully mature and capable of independent flight and foraging.
Helping a Young Hummingbird
Encountering a young hummingbird on the ground can be concerning, but it is important to first assess the situation before intervening. A fully feathered hummingbird that is alert and appears uninjured is likely a fledgling practicing its flight and is still under the care of its parents. In such cases, observing from a distance is the best approach, as the parents will likely be nearby, continuing to feed and protect their offspring.
However, if the hummingbird is a nestling—characterized by being mostly featherless or having only pin feathers—or if any hummingbird appears injured, cold, or is constantly peeping, it may require assistance. If a nestling is found outside its nest, gently attempting to return it to the nest is appropriate. For any injured or truly abandoned young bird, contacting a local wildlife rehabilitator is the recommended course of action. It is important not to attempt to feed the bird or provide sugar water unless specifically instructed by a wildlife expert, as improper feeding can cause harm. Keeping the bird warm, dark, and quiet in a safe container lined with tissue, not cloth, while awaiting professional help can be beneficial.