Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal condition resulting from an imbalance in the natural bacteria present in the vagina. This occurs when certain “bad” bacteria overgrow, outnumbering the beneficial lactobacilli that normally maintain a healthy vaginal environment. BV is quite prevalent, affecting approximately 35% of individuals with a vagina at some point in their lives, making it the most common vaginal concern for those aged 15 to 44. While many experience no symptoms, others may notice an off-white or gray vaginal discharge, often accompanied by a “fishy” odor that can become more noticeable after sexual activity.
Understanding BV Treatment and Recovery
Treating bacterial vaginosis involves a course of antibiotics, prescribed as oral pills or vaginal gels or creams. Common medications include metronidazole, clindamycin, tinidazole, and secnidazole. These antibiotics restore the balance of bacteria in the vagina.
It is important to complete the full course of prescribed medication, even if symptoms improve. Stopping antibiotics early can lead to the infection returning and make it more difficult to treat. Completing the regimen allows the vaginal flora to rebalance and helps prevent recurrence.
Resuming Sexual Activity After BV Treatment
After completing treatment for bacterial vaginosis, it is advised to wait until the full course of medication is finished and all symptoms have resolved before resuming sexual activity. Healthcare providers often recommend abstaining from sex for at least seven days after the last dose. Some guidelines suggest waiting up to 14 days from the start of treatment to ensure the infection is cleared.
This waiting period allows the vaginal environment to recover and beneficial bacteria to re-establish. Engaging in sexual activity too soon can irritate vaginal tissues, delay healing, and disrupt bacterial balance, increasing the risk of reinfection or recurrence. Additionally, certain vaginal creams or gels may weaken latex condoms, compromising their effectiveness. If symptoms persist, consult a healthcare provider before resuming sexual activity.
Partner Considerations and Preventing Recurrence
Male sexual partners generally do not require treatment for bacterial vaginosis, as BV is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection, though it is linked to sexual activity. However, recent research indicates that treating male partners with a combination of oral and topical antibiotics can significantly reduce the recurrence of BV in women. For female sexual partners, testing and treatment may be considered if they are experiencing symptoms, as BV can be transmitted between female partners.
Certain habits can help prevent BV recurrence, especially in the context of sexual activity. Consistent condom use can reduce the risk of acquiring BV and help prevent its return by minimizing the impact of semen, which is alkaline, on the acidic vaginal pH. Limiting sexual partners can also decrease the risk of BV. Avoiding douching and scented feminine hygiene products, which can disturb the natural vaginal balance, is beneficial for vaginal health.