Eczema is a common chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation, dryness, and itching. It weakens the skin’s natural barrier, which retains moisture and protects the body. Chlorine, a widely used chemical, is found in various forms, from household bleach to swimming pool disinfectants. Many people with eczema wonder if chlorine can offer relief or worsen their symptoms. This article explores the distinct effects of chlorine in these different contexts.
Understanding Bleach Baths for Eczema
Highly diluted chlorine, in the form of bleach baths, is sometimes recommended by dermatologists as a therapeutic treatment for eczema. This approach leverages chlorine’s antiseptic properties to reduce the bacterial load on the skin. Bleach baths specifically target Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium commonly found on the skin of individuals with eczema, which can exacerbate symptoms and lead to infections.
The dilute solution works by reducing the colonization of these bacteria, thereby helping to improve skin inflammation and itching. Some studies indicate that bleach baths can reduce the severity of eczema symptoms and decrease the likelihood of secondary bacterial infections. The mechanism is thought to involve antimicrobial action, anti-inflammatory effects, and potential improvements to the skin barrier.
For preparation, a standard bathtub (40 gallons or 150 liters) requires about ½ cup (125 mL) of regular household bleach, not concentrated or scented. This creates a low concentration of sodium hypochlorite (0.005%-0.01%), comparable to some swimming pool chlorine levels. The water should be lukewarm, and the bleach should be thoroughly mixed before entering the bath.
Soak in the diluted bleach bath for 10 to 15 minutes, two to three times per week. Avoid submerging the head or getting water in the eyes. After the bath, rinse skin thoroughly with lukewarm water to remove bleach residue. This treatment should only be undertaken under healthcare professional guidance, as they provide personalized advice on concentration, duration, and frequency based on individual needs and sensitivities.
Chlorine in Swimming Pools and Eczema
Unlike bleach baths, pool chlorine can irritate and dry skin, potentially worsening eczema. Chlorine is a strong disinfectant used to keep pool water clean by killing bacteria and algae. However, it can strip skin of natural oils like sebum, essential for moisture and skin barrier protection.
Loss of these oils can lead to increased dryness, itching, redness, and discomfort for those with sensitive skin or eczema. Prolonged exposure also increases transepidermal water loss, further dehydrating skin. Skin irritation in pools is sometimes attributed to “combined chlorine” (chloramines), byproducts formed when chlorine reacts with organic matter like sweat and skin cells.
Those with eczema can still swim in chlorinated pools by taking precautions. Showering with clean water before entering the pool hydrates skin and reduces chlorine absorption. Applying a barrier cream, like petroleum jelly or a thick emollient, before swimming creates a protective layer, minimizing direct chlorine contact.
Limiting swim time reduces overall exposure. After exiting the pool, shower immediately with fresh water to rinse off chlorine residue. Choosing pools with lower chlorine levels or alternative sanitation systems, like saltwater pools, may also benefit some.
General Skin Care After Chlorine Exposure
Proper skin care after any chlorine exposure is important for individuals with eczema. Immediately after a bleach bath or swimming in a chlorinated pool, the skin should be thoroughly rinsed with clean, lukewarm water. This step is important for removing any remaining chlorine residue.
After rinsing, the skin should be gently patted dry with a soft towel, avoiding any harsh rubbing that could further irritate sensitive skin. Promptly applying a thick emollient or moisturizer is important to rehydrate the skin and restore its compromised barrier function. Moisturizers containing ingredients like ceramides or hyaluronic acid are beneficial for replenishing lost moisture and supporting the skin’s natural barrier. Consistent moisturizing helps to lock in moisture and soothe the skin, preventing dryness and eczema flares.