Texas is a prime location for observing hummingbirds. These iridescent, agile, and vibrant birds add a presence to gardens and natural landscapes. Their arrival often signals seasonal changes, attracting observers. The variety of hummingbirds that visit or reside in Texas makes it a special place to appreciate them.
Seasonal Migration Patterns
Hummingbirds undertake long journeys, with Texas serving as a corridor within the Central and Mississippi Flyways. Spring migration begins with male Ruby-throated hummingbirds arriving in Texas and Louisiana in late February to mid-March. Northward movement continues through April and May. Peak spring sightings in Texas occur from March to May as various species pass through to breeding grounds.
Fall migration south begins in late summer, with most Ruby-throated hummingbirds departing in August or September. Peak numbers of Ruby-throated and Black-chinned hummingbirds are often observed in early September. Hummingbirds concentrate along the South Texas coast in September and October, preparing for flight over the Gulf of Mexico or an overland route through Mexico and Central America. They feed heavily, gaining 25-40% of their body weight to fuel long flights.
Year-Round Residents
Not all hummingbirds leave Texas during colder months. Species like the Buff-bellied hummingbird are year-round residents, particularly in southern regions and along the Gulf Coast. Some Rufous, Ruby-throated, and Black-chinned individuals may also overwinter in parts of Texas. This presence is often due to milder winter temperatures and consistent food sources, such as late-blooming flowers or well-maintained feeders.
Hummingbirds remaining in Texas during winter adapt to cooler conditions, sometimes entering torpor to conserve energy during cold nights. They rely on accessible nectar and small insects to sustain their high metabolic rates. This allows some populations to forgo the migratory journey.
Peak Viewing Opportunities
Texas offers prime opportunities to observe hummingbirds during their migratory peaks. Spring provides sightings from March through May as birds move north. Fall migration, from August through October, presents increased hummingbird activity. During this period, many adult and juvenile birds travel south, leading to higher numbers at feeders and flowering plants.
Different Texas regions experience variations in peak times. The Gulf Coast, a primary entry and exit point, sees high activity in both spring and fall. Central Texas, including the Hill Country, is also a hub for migrating birds, with peak sightings in August and September. West Texas, particularly its mountainous regions, is a route for species like Rufous and Broad-tailed hummingbirds during migration. Setting up feeders and planting nectar sources before expected arrival can improve viewing chances.
Creating a Hummingbird-Friendly Habitat
Supporting hummingbirds in Texas involves creating a habitat with reliable food and water sources. Native plants attract these birds, providing natural nectar and insects. Good choices for Texas gardens include:
Salvia species
Turk’s Cap
Flame Acanthus
Trumpet Vine
Cuphea
Lantana
These offer continuous blooms from spring through fall. Staggering bloom times ensures a consistent food supply throughout the seasons.
Feeders can supplement natural nectar, especially during migration or when flowers are scarce. A solution of four parts water to one part refined white sugar is recommended; red dye is unnecessary and can be harmful. Feeders require regular cleaning every two to four days, and more frequently in hot weather, to prevent mold and bacterial growth. A shallow water source, such as a bird bath with a dripper, provides drinking and bathing opportunities. Placing multiple feeders in different areas can help reduce territorial disputes among hummingbirds.