Hummingbirds, with their iridescent plumage and rapid wingbeats, are captivating visitors to Florida’s diverse landscapes. These tiny birds, known for their agility and hovering ability, bring a dynamic presence to gardens and natural areas. Their appearance is often anticipated by enthusiasts.
Seasonal Presence
Hummingbird activity in Florida follows distinct seasonal patterns, largely driven by migration. Most hummingbirds arrive during their northbound migration in spring, from late February to early March, continuing through May as they move northward. Males often precede females by about a week.
During fall, southbound migration occurs from August through September. Ruby-throated hummingbirds, the most common species, gather in Florida during September to prepare for their journey over the Gulf of Mexico or overland through Mexico. Many depart by the end of October. While most migrate to Central and South America, Florida also serves as a stopover point and wintering ground for some, particularly in south Florida and along the Gulf Coast.
Common Species in Florida
The Ruby-throated Hummingbird is the most commonly observed species in Florida. These birds are about 3 inches long and weigh as little as a penny. Males are identifiable by their metallic green backs and iridescent ruby-red throats, which appear dark in low light. Females and juveniles lack the red throat and have white-tipped tail feathers. While many Ruby-throated Hummingbirds breed across eastern North America and migrate through Florida, some remain in south Florida year-round.
Florida’s position along migratory routes means several other species are occasionally sighted, particularly during the winter months. These visitors include the Black-chinned, Rufous, Calliope, Broad-tailed, Buff-bellied, and Allen’s hummingbirds. The Rufous Hummingbird, for instance, is a long-distance migrant that breeds as far north as Alaska and can be found along the Gulf Coast in winter.
Creating a Welcoming Environment
To attract hummingbirds to a yard in Florida, providing suitable food sources and habitat features is beneficial. Hummingbirds are particularly drawn to brightly colored, tubular flowers, especially those that are red or orange. Native Florida plants are excellent choices for providing natural nectar. Planting a variety of species ensures a continuous bloom cycle, offering nectar from spring through fall, which supports both resident and migratory birds.
- Firebush (Hamelia patens)
- Coral Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens)
- Red Buckeye (Aesculus pavia)
- Coral Bean (Erythrina herbacea)
- Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis)
In addition to plants, hummingbird feeders can supplement their diet. The recommended solution is one part refined white granulated sugar to four parts water, prepared without red dye, as it is unnecessary and potentially harmful. Feeders require regular cleaning to prevent mold and bacteria growth. In hot weather, clean them daily or every other day, and at least twice a week in cooler conditions. Rinse thoroughly with hot water, and use a mild vinegar solution for cleaning, avoiding dish soaps that may leave harmful residues.