Squirrels are familiar bushy-tailed creatures, often seen darting up trees or burying nuts in backyards and parks. Understanding their life cycle, particularly the arrival of their young, offers a fascinating glimpse into the natural world.
Squirrel Birthing Seasons
Most common squirrel species in temperate regions, such as the Eastern Gray Squirrel, have two distinct birthing periods each year. The first litter arrives in late winter or early spring, usually between February and April. Following a gestation period of 38 to 46 days, these young squirrels are born when food sources become more abundant.
The second birthing season occurs in mid-to-late summer, from July through September. This allows a second litter to be raised before colder weather, giving the young ample time to mature. The exact timing varies based on geographical location, climate, and species. Older, experienced female squirrels are more likely to produce two litters annually, while younger females might only have one.
Recognizing Young Squirrels
Newborn squirrels, often called kits or pups, are born in a vulnerable state, completely dependent on their mother. At birth, they are hairless, pink, and tiny, weighing about an ounce and measuring around an inch. Their eyes and ears are sealed shut.
Around two to three weeks, a soft fuzz of fur appears, and their skin darkens. By four to five weeks, their eyes open, and their ears become functional. As they approach six to eight weeks, their fur thickens, and their tails become bushy, resembling miniature adults. At this stage, they begin to venture cautiously outside the nest, remaining close to their mother, learning foraging and climbing. Weaning starts around seven weeks, and by 10 to 12 weeks, they are independent.
Encountering a Young Squirrel
If you encounter a young squirrel alone, observing its behavior is the first step before any intervention. A baby squirrel is truly orphaned or in distress if it is cold, injured, covered in insects, or crying continuously. Signs like a shriveled appearance or a complete lack of fear towards humans also suggest it needs help.
Do not immediately pick up or try to feed a young squirrel, especially with cow’s milk, which can be harmful. Keeping the squirrel warm is important; you can place it in a small box with a soft towel and a gentle heat source, such as a warm water bottle, if it appears cold. Contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator in your area. They have the expertise to properly care for and, if possible, return the animal to the wild. They can provide guidance on whether the squirrel needs help and how to safely transport it.