Sun poisoning describes a severe reaction to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, distinct from a typical sunburn. It involves an intense inflammatory response to significant sun exposure, with more pronounced symptoms affecting the entire body. This condition occurs when skin is exposed to prolonged and intense UV radiation without adequate protection. Sun poisoning is not an actual poisoning but a term for a severe sunburn that mimics a systemic illness.
Immediate Home Care for Sun Poisoning
If you suspect sun poisoning, immediately remove yourself from further sun exposure. To soothe affected skin, take a cool bath or shower, or apply cool, damp compresses to the burned areas.
Hydration is important for recovery, as sun poisoning can lead to dehydration. Drink plenty of fluids, such as water or electrolyte-rich beverages, to replenish lost moisture. Over-the-counter pain relievers, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, manage pain and reduce inflammation.
After cooling the skin, apply a gentle, fragrance-free moisturizer containing ingredients like aloe vera or colloidal oatmeal to soothe and hydrate the skin. Aloe vera gel is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. If blisters are present, do not pop or drain them, as this can increase the risk of infection. Instead, protect blisters by covering them lightly with gauze or petroleum jelly to allow them to heal naturally.
When to Seek Medical Care
While home care can alleviate symptoms of mild sun poisoning, certain signs indicate the need for professional medical attention. Seek medical care if you experience widespread blistering or severe, persistent pain. Blistering that covers a large portion of the body is a particular concern.
Additional warning signs include symptoms of dehydration such as extreme thirst, reduced urination, or dizziness. A high fever, chills, confusion, or a severe headache also warrant a visit to a healthcare provider. These systemic symptoms suggest a more significant reaction to UV exposure, where home remedies may be insufficient.
Medical Treatment Options
For more severe cases of sun poisoning, a healthcare professional may prescribe stronger treatments. This can include oral or topical prescription-strength corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and pain, such as steroid creams for blistering sunburns or oral steroids for widespread discomfort.
If dehydration is significant, intravenous (IV) fluids may be administered to rehydrate the body. Pain management might involve prescription pain medications if over-the-counter options do not provide sufficient relief. For severe blistering or if there is a risk of infection, topical antibiotics may be prescribed to protect the damaged skin. In very severe instances, such as those with extensive burns, hospital admission may be necessary, sometimes to a specialized burn unit.
Preventing Sun Poisoning
Preventing sun poisoning involves consistent sun protection practices. Always apply broad-spectrum sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of at least 30, which protects against both UVA and UVB rays. Apply sunscreen 15 to 30 minutes before going outdoors and reapply at least every 80 minutes, or more frequently if sweating or swimming.
Seeking shade is another effective strategy, especially during peak sun hours (typically 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.) when UV radiation is strongest. Wearing protective clothing, such as long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and wide-brimmed hats, can also significantly reduce exposure.
Be mindful of reflective surfaces like water, sand, and snow, as these intensify the sun’s rays and increase exposure risk, even in the shade. Use sun protection even on cloudy or cool days, as UV rays can still penetrate clouds. Avoiding tanning beds and sun lamps is also advisable, as they emit harmful UV radiation leading to severe burns.