Pennsylvania’s diverse landscapes, from dense forests to sprawling farmlands and winding waterways, create a variety of natural settings for numerous wild animal species. The state’s varied habitats support a wide array of wildlife. This includes a surprising diversity of animals that have adapted to live across Pennsylvania’s distinct ecological zones.
Diverse Mammalian Inhabitants
Pennsylvania is home to many mammalian species. White-tailed deer are widespread, frequently observed in forests, agricultural areas, and even suburban settings. Black bears, the only bear species in Pennsylvania, inhabit large forested regions across the state. Coyotes, red foxes, and gray foxes are also present, along with more reclusive bobcats in forested parts. Other common mammals include raccoons, Virginia opossums, groundhogs, squirrels, and rabbits.
Avian Diversity
Pennsylvania’s skies and diverse landscapes host a wide range of bird species, from common backyard visitors to impressive raptors and migratory waterfowl. Everyday sightings include American robins, northern cardinals, and blue jays, which frequent residential areas and woodlands alike. Woodpeckers, such as the red-bellied and downy woodpeckers, are also common year-round residents, often found at feeders.
The state is a significant area for birds of prey, with species like bald eagles, various hawks including red-tailed hawks and Cooper’s hawks, and different owl species. Many of these raptors utilize Pennsylvania’s mountainous regions, such as the Appalachian Mountains, as migratory corridors. Waterfowl, including ducks like mallards and wood ducks, along with geese and swans, inhabit the state’s numerous lakes, ponds, rivers, and wetlands. These aquatic environments also serve as important resting and feeding grounds for many migratory bird species.
Reptiles, Amphibians, and Aquatic Species
Pennsylvania’s aquatic and terrestrial environments support a variety of reptiles and amphibians. The state is home to 21 native snake species, with most being non-venomous. Common non-venomous snakes include garter snakes, northern water snakes, and eastern milk snakes, which can be found in various habitats from gardens to near waterways. Only three venomous snake species are found in Pennsylvania: the eastern copperhead, timber rattlesnake, and the eastern massasauga. These venomous species generally prefer to avoid human contact and typically inhabit specific areas like rocky outcrops or wetlands.
Various turtle species also inhabit Pennsylvania, including the widespread common snapping turtle and the vibrantly colored painted turtle, both found in slow-moving waters. Amphibians like frogs, toads, and salamanders thrive in moist environments, contributing to the state’s biodiversity. Pennsylvania’s waterways, including its numerous rivers and streams, are home to a variety of fish species. Common game fish such as trout and bass are popular among anglers, highlighting the aquatic richness of the state’s ecosystems.
Coexisting with Pennsylvania’s Wildlife
Living in Pennsylvania often means sharing space with a wide variety of wild animals. Observing wildlife from a distance allows for appreciation without disturbing natural behaviors or causing stress to the animals. Using binoculars or a zoom lens can enhance viewing experiences safely.
Providing wild animals with food can lead to negative outcomes, including the spread of diseases among animals and an increased reliance on human-provided sustenance. Securing trash and pet food helps prevent animals from becoming accustomed to human food sources, which can draw them into residential areas. Maintaining natural habitats near homes, such as planting native vegetation, provides appropriate food and shelter for wildlife, fostering a balanced coexistence.