The phrase “waxes and wanes” is a common idiom used to describe phenomena that naturally increase and decrease over time. This evocative expression captures the ebb and flow of various aspects of life and the natural world. The phrase suggests a rhythm of growth and decline, a dynamic state rather than a static one.
What “Waxes and Wanes” Means
The term “wax” in this context refers to an increase in size, strength, or intensity. Conversely, “wane” describes a decrease, diminution, or fading away. Together, “waxes and wanes” precisely describes a recurring pattern of expansion and contraction. This idiom is applied to anything that exhibits a cyclical rise and fall.
The Lunar Origin of the Phrase
The origin of “waxes and wanes” directly relates to the visible changes in the moon’s illumination as observed from Earth. As the moon progresses from a new moon towards a full moon, its illuminated portion appears to grow larger each night; this period is called “waxing.” The moon is said to “wax” as its visible crescent expands. After the full moon, the illuminated part appears to shrink each night as it moves back towards a new moon; this period is called “waning.”
These consistent, observable changes in the lunar cycle provided the foundational understanding for the terms. The moon completes a full cycle of waxing and waning approximately every 29.5 days, known as a synodic month. This predictable celestial rhythm offered a clear visual representation of growth and decline, lending itself perfectly to the idiom.
Everyday Examples of Waxes and Wanes
The phrase “waxes and wanes” extends beyond its lunar origins to describe many other cyclical patterns in daily life. Human emotions and moods often wax and wane, with periods of high energy and optimism followed by moments of quiet reflection or lower spirits. An individual’s enthusiasm for a hobby or project might similarly fluctuate over time.
Trends in fashion, music, or public opinion frequently wax and wane, enjoying periods of widespread popularity before gradually fading. The public’s interest in a particular celebrity or political issue can also fluctuate.
Even personal relationships can experience phases where closeness and intensity wax and wane, adapting to life’s changing circumstances.
Economic conditions provide another clear example, with periods of growth and prosperity often referred to as “booms” that eventually give way to “busts” or recessions. These economic cycles reflect the waxing and waning of financial activity. Ocean tides also demonstrate this phenomenon, with water levels rising and falling in predictable patterns influenced by gravitational forces, presenting a constant cycle of waxing and waning.