A Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) machine treats obstructive sleep apnea. Many CPAP machines come with a humidifier, which adds moisture to the air. This humidification is important for comfort, helping to prevent common side effects like dry mouth, nasal irritation, and a scratchy throat. Adding moisture makes the therapy more tolerable and effective.
The Only Recommended Water
Only distilled water should be used in CPAP humidifiers. Distilled water is created by boiling water into vapor and then condensing it back into liquid, effectively removing minerals, impurities, and contaminants. This purification leaves it free of particles that can cause problems within the machine and when inhaled. Manufacturers universally recommend distilled water. Other types of water, such as tap water, filtered water, bottled water, or spring water, are not suitable alternatives. Even if tap water is safe for drinking, it contains substances that can be harmful when aerosolized and inhaled through a medical device.
Why Distilled Water is Crucial
Distilled water is the preferred choice for CPAP machines primarily because it prevents mineral buildup. Tap water, filtered water, and most bottled waters contain minerals like calcium and magnesium. When heated within the humidifier, these minerals do not evaporate with the water and are left behind, forming hard, crusty deposits known as limescale.
This mineral accumulation can compromise the CPAP machine’s components over time, including the heating element and the humidifier chamber. Using mineral-free water ensures consistent and clean humidification. While distilled water itself does not kill microbes, its lack of organic nutrients and minerals can indirectly discourage the growth of bacteria and mold compared to other water types.
Risks of Using Other Water Types
Using non-distilled water in a CPAP machine carries several risks, including machine damage and potential health concerns. Mineral deposits can accumulate in the humidifier chamber and tubing. This limescale buildup can eventually clog or damage the machine, leading to costly repairs.
Non-distilled water, particularly tap water, can contain microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. These pathogens can multiply in the humidifier chamber. When the CPAP machine aerosolizes this water, these contaminants can be directly inhaled into the respiratory system, potentially causing respiratory infections, irritation, or exacerbating existing conditions like asthma or allergies. Unlike the digestive system, which has defenses against ingested pathogens, the respiratory tract is more vulnerable to inhaled microbes. A damaged or contaminated humidifier may also fail to provide adequate humidification, leading to discomfort and potentially reduced adherence to CPAP therapy.
Best Practices for CPAP Water Management
Maintaining proper water management for your CPAP machine involves several key practices. Distilled water is readily available and can be purchased at most supermarkets, drug stores, and online retailers.
It is recommended to change the water in the humidifier chamber daily, even if some water remains, to ensure freshness and prevent stagnation. For cleaning the humidifier chamber, a daily rinse with warm water and mild soap is advised. A deeper weekly cleaning can be performed by soaking the chamber in a solution of one-part white vinegar to nine-parts room-temperature water for about 20 minutes, followed by a thorough rinse. Always allow the chamber to air dry completely before refilling. When traveling, users can purchase small bottles of distilled water or explore options like waterless humidifiers designed for portability. Consistent use of distilled water and diligent cleaning are important for both the machine’s longevity and the user’s respiratory health.