Animal cloning, which creates a genetically identical copy of an animal, has captivated public interest for decades. This process replicates an organism from its genetic material, offering insights into biology and potential applications in medicine and agriculture. The successful cloning of the first feline marked a significant milestone in reproductive science.
The First Cloned Cat: CC
The first cloned cat, named CC, which stands for “CopyCat” or “Carbon Copy,” was born on December 22, 2001, at Texas A&M University. Researchers Dr. Mark Westhusin and Dr. Duane Kraemer were involved in the project. CC was the first successfully cloned pet, achieving 100 percent genetic identity with her donor. Her birth represented a major advance in the field of cloning companion animals.
How CC Was Cloned
CC was cloned using a technique called Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT). This process begins by taking a somatic cell, any cell not involved in reproduction, from the animal to be cloned. For CC, the somatic cell came from a female domestic shorthair named Rainbow. Rainbow’s nucleus, containing her DNA, was then removed from this cell.
Simultaneously, an unfertilized egg cell was taken from a donor cat, and its nucleus, containing the egg’s genetic material, was removed. Rainbow’s somatic cell nucleus was then inserted into this “enucleated” egg. The reconstructed egg was stimulated to divide, forming an embryo. This embryo was then implanted into a surrogate mother, Allie, who carried the pregnancy to term.
A notable aspect of CC’s cloning was the difference in coat pattern between her and her genetic donor, Rainbow. Rainbow was a calico cat with distinct patches of white, orange, and black fur, while CC was a brown tabby and white, lacking Rainbow’s orange markings. This difference occurred because, despite identical DNA, the random process of X-chromosome inactivation during development, a type of epigenetic factor, led to a different distribution of coat colors.
CC’s Life and Implications for Pet Cloning
CC lived a long and healthy life, demonstrating that cloned animals could be robust. She passed away on March 3, 2020, at the age of 18, due to kidney failure. Her lifespan was within the typical range for domestic cats, which averages between 12 and 18 years. CC also reproduced naturally, giving birth to four kittens in December 2006.
The birth of CC had significant implications for the development of commercial pet cloning services. Her existence showed that cloning companion animals was possible, paving the way for companies to offer pet cloning to the public. This scientific achievement sparked a global industry, with companies like Genetic Savings & Clone Inc. and later ViaGen Pets offering services to clone cats and other animals. While pet cloning opened new avenues for pet owners, it also raised discussions about the ethical considerations surrounding the practice.