The American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is a large, semi-aquatic reptile native to the southeastern United States. These apex predators are characterized by their armored bodies, powerful tails, and broad snouts. They are primarily found in regions offering suitable warm climates and abundant aquatic habitats.
States Where Alligators Reside
American alligators are found across numerous states in the U.S. Southeast, with varying population densities. Louisiana holds the largest alligator population, estimated at over two million, thriving in its extensive swamplands. Florida is another prominent state for alligator sightings, home to approximately 1.3 million alligators, particularly in its central and southern freshwater systems like the Everglades.
Texas hosts a significant alligator population of around 400,000 to 500,000, primarily inhabiting its eastern and coastal regions. Georgia’s alligator population, estimated at 200,000 to 250,000, is concentrated in the southeastern part of the state, south of the fall line. South Carolina has about 100,000 alligators, mainly found in its coastal marshes and southern areas.
Alabama’s alligator presence is notable in its coastal areas and southern regions. Mississippi also provides suitable habitat, supporting approximately 32,000 to 38,000 alligators in its wetland ecosystems. Arkansas has a smaller population of around 2,000 to 3,000 alligators, found in its southern regions.
North Carolina is home to roughly 1,000 alligators, predominantly in the coastal plains. Oklahoma has a small, localized alligator population, estimated at 100 to 200 individuals, primarily in its southeastern corner. Alligators reported in Virginia are often attributed to formerly captive animals released outside their natural range, indicating their presence there is not part of their native, established distribution.
Key Habitat Requirements
Alligators primarily inhabit freshwater environments such as swamps, marshes, rivers, and lakes, though they can tolerate brackish water. Their preference for warm, subtropical, and tropical climates dictates their distribution across the southeastern United States. Alligators are ectothermic, regulating their body temperature by basking in the sun or seeking cooler areas.
Suitable nesting sites are important for their survival. Female alligators construct nests from vegetation above water level to protect their eggs from flooding. These reptiles are opportunistic carnivores, with their diet ranging from fish, amphibians, and reptiles to birds and small mammals. Their ability to excavate “gator holes” provides refuge during dry periods.