Scorpions are ancient, nocturnal arthropods native to Texas, successfully adapting to a wide range of environments. Texas is home to approximately 18 different species, many of which are regularly encountered by residents. While often associated with deserts, scorpions are found in wooded areas, grasslands, and urban settings throughout the state.
Identifying Texas’s Scorpion Species
Texas hosts a variety of scorpions, and identification often relates to body shape. Scorpions with large, robust pincers and a relatively thin tail tend to have less potent venom, relying more on physical strength to subdue prey. Conversely, species with slender pincers and a thick tail can carry more potent venom.
The Giant Hairy Scorpion (Hadrurus arizonensis) is the largest species in North America, reaching lengths of up to six inches. It is recognizable by its dark body and lighter, yellowish-tan appendages, though its venom is considered mild, comparable to a bee sting. This species is typically found in the southern and western parts of Texas.
The Texas Cave Scorpion (Pseudouroctonus reddelli) is dark in color and measures between 1.5 and 2 inches long. It is often found in the caves and limestone features of Central Texas, or occasionally under woodpiles around homes. Its sting is described as mild, similar to that of a fire ant.
The Lesser Stripetail Scorpion is a pale tan species found throughout South and West Texas, measuring about two to three inches long. It features a noticeable stripe down its tail and has robust pincers. Although venomous, this species tends to burrow in the sand and is rarely reported inside homes.
The Striped Bark Scorpion: Habitat and Behavior
The Striped Bark Scorpion (Centruroides vittatus) is the most widespread species, found in every region of Texas. Adults are pale yellowish-tan to light brown, measuring about 2 to 2.5 inches in length. Its distinguishing feature is the presence of two prominent, dark stripes running down the top of its abdomen.
This scorpion is nocturnal, active at night when hunting for small invertebrates. It is semi-arboreal, possessing the ability to climb walls and trees, which contributes to its prevalence near human dwellings. During the day, it seeks shelter in dark, protected areas to conserve moisture.
Preferred outdoor habitats include under rocks, loose bark, dead vegetation, and woodpiles. Its adaptability makes it the species most likely to enter homes, often seeking refuge in attics, wall voids, or hiding in shoes and clothing. This species thrives in both arid and more humid environments.
Sting Severity and Immediate Response
The venom from Texas species, including the Striped Bark Scorpion, is generally not considered medically significant for healthy adults. A typical reaction includes immediate, intense pain at the sting site, often accompanied by localized swelling, numbness, and a tingling sensation. These symptoms usually subside within several hours to a few days.
If a sting occurs, clean the wound thoroughly with mild soap and water. Applying a cool compress or ice pack for 10-minute intervals can help reduce the pain and localized swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, may be used to manage discomfort. Remove jewelry from the affected limb, as swelling is a common reaction.
Watch closely for signs of a severe systemic reaction, especially in young children and the elderly, who are more susceptible to complications. Symptoms requiring immediate medical attention include difficulty breathing, muscle spasms, excessive sweating, or unusual head, neck, and eye movements. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice following any scorpion sting.