New Hampshire’s diverse landscapes are home to a variety of wildlife, and bears frequently capture public interest. This article explores the specific bear species found in New Hampshire, detailing their characteristics and offering guidance on how people can safely coexist with them.
The Sole Bear Species in New Hampshire
The American Black Bear (Ursus americanus) is the only bear species residing in New Hampshire; other species like grizzlies or polar bears are not found here. The black bear population is estimated at 4,800 to 5,000 statewide. The population has recovered significantly from low numbers in the mid-1800s and is now widespread across all counties.
American Black Bears have shaggy coats, usually black, but can be dark brown, cinnamon, or yellow-brown. They may have a pale muzzle and a small, white chest patch. Adult males weigh 130 to 660 pounds and are 4 to 7 feet long; females are smaller, weighing 90 to 175 pounds. In the wild, these bears can live over 30 years.
Living Alongside New Hampshire’s Bears
Black bears primarily inhabit forested areas with dense understory vegetation, including wetlands and riparian zones. While they prefer large tracts of forest with minimal human disturbance, they are increasingly observed in suburban and urban fringe areas, particularly when natural food sources are scarce.
Their diet is omnivorous, consisting mainly of plants, fruits, nuts, and insects. They are opportunistic foragers, also consuming carrion and readily available human food sources.
These bears are shy and solitary, typically active at dawn and dusk, but can be seen at any time. If natural foods are limited, bears may seek human food supplies, leading to potential conflicts.
To prevent encounters, take these steps:
- Secure trash in airtight containers.
- Remove bird feeders by April 1.
- Clean outdoor grills after use.
- Store pet food indoors.
If a bear is encountered, maintain distance. Make noise, such as clapping or talking, to make your presence known, and slowly back away without running or turning your back. If a bear does not leave, it might be attracted by food; remove any visible or odorous food items. In rare instances of a bluff charge (where a bear huffs, chomps its teeth, or rushes forward), standing your ground, maintaining eye contact, and speaking in a calm voice while slowly backing away can help. For concerns or sightings involving unusual behavior, contact the New Hampshire Fish and Game Department.