“Fluke” is the common name for the Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), a specific type of flatfish. This term is widely used, particularly by anglers and seafood enthusiasts in the northeastern United States. While many species fall under the broader category of “flounder,” fluke specifically identifies this popular fish.
Understanding the Fluke Fish
This flatfish has a distinctively flat, asymmetrical body, adapted for a bottom-dwelling existence. During development, one eye migrates, placing both eyes on the left side of its head. This unique eye placement aids its ability to survey surroundings while camouflaged on the seafloor.
Summer Flounder can blend into their environment by changing the color and pattern of their dark upper side to match surrounding sand or mud. Their coloration varies, including shades of gray, brown, green, and black, often marked with eye-like spots. The underside, or blind side, remains white. Adults typically weigh 1 to 3 pounds and reach 15 to 20 inches, though some can exceed 20 pounds and live up to 20 years. They are equipped with sharp, well-developed teeth for ambushing prey.
This species inhabits the Atlantic Ocean along the East Coast of the United States and Canada, abundant from North Carolina to Massachusetts. Summer Flounder prefer sandy or muddy bottoms in coastal and shelf waters, where they can rapidly burrow into the substrate. They undertake seasonal migrations, moving from deeper offshore waters in winter, where spawning occurs, to shallower inshore areas like bays and estuaries during spring and summer. It is distinct from other flatfish species like winter flounder or halibut due to its left-eyed characteristic.
Fluke as a Culinary Delight
Fluke is highly regarded in cuisine for its delicate flavor and appealing texture. The fish offers a mild, slightly sweet taste with subtle undertones, often described as clean and not overtly “fishy.” Its flesh is firm yet flaky, with a snow-white appearance that remains consistent even after cooking.
Its versatility allows for various cooking methods that highlight its delicate nature. Common preparations include pan-searing, baking, and grilling, which help to crisp the flesh while maintaining its moisture. Due to its fine texture and mild flavor, fluke is also an excellent candidate for raw preparations such as sashimi, sushi, and ceviche. Simpler seasonings like olive oil, sea salt, and lemon are often recommended to allow its natural sweetness to shine without being overpowered.
Nutritionally, fluke is a healthy dietary choice. It is a lean source of high-quality protein and is low in fat and calories. While not as rich in omega-3 fatty acids as some oilier fish like salmon, fluke still provides these beneficial fats, along with B vitamins, magnesium, and potassium. Its generally low mercury levels make it a safe option for regular consumption. Fluke is primarily available fresh, with peak landings during the summer months.