Among the diverse cells lining the inside of our mouths are cheek cells. They are simple to observe under a microscope, providing a clear example of a common cell type that contributes to our body’s protective surfaces.
Identifying the Cheek Cell’s Category
Cheek cells are classified as eukaryotic cells, meaning they possess a true nucleus. They are also animal cells and are human cells. These cells primarily fall under the broad category of epithelial cells, which form protective linings and coverings throughout the body.
More precisely, cheek cells are known as squamous epithelial cells. The term “squamous” describes their distinctive flat, thin, and scale-like shape, which allows them to form smooth, continuous surfaces. Epithelial tissue, in general, is characterized by cells that are tightly packed together, forming sheets that cover body surfaces and line internal organs. In the mouth, these squamous cells are arranged in multiple layers, creating a robust barrier.
These cells are part of a specific type of epithelial tissue called stratified squamous epithelium. “Stratified” indicates that the cells are arranged in layers, providing extra protection against wear and tear. This layered structure, combined with their flattened shape, makes them highly effective in areas subjected to constant friction or abrasion, such as the inside of the mouth.
Anatomy and Appearance
Under a basic light microscope, a cheek cell appears as a large, flat, and somewhat irregular or polygonal shape. Its most prominent internal feature is a distinct, rounded nucleus, usually located near the center. This nucleus contains the cell’s genetic information and controls its activities.
Surrounding the nucleus is the cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance that fills the rest of the cell and contains various smaller components. The entire cell is enclosed by a thin, flexible cell membrane, which regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell. While other complex organelles exist within the cytoplasm, they are generally not clearly visible without more powerful microscopes and specialized staining techniques.
Cheek cells are relatively simple to observe because they lack complex specialized structures like cilia (hair-like projections) or flagella (tail-like structures) found on some other cell types. Their flat, broad surface allows them to lie relatively flat on a microscope slide, making their basic components easily discernible.
Role in the Body
Cheek cells play a significant role in protecting the oral cavity as part of its mucosal lining. Their primary function is to form a protective barrier against external elements entering the body through the mouth. This barrier helps shield underlying tissues from physical damage caused by chewing and consuming various foods.
The flat, overlapping arrangement of these squamous epithelial cells creates a continuous, resilient surface. This arrangement provides defense against chemical irritants present in food or drink, as well as against the vast array of microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, that naturally inhabit the mouth. They act as the first line of defense, preventing these substances and organisms from easily penetrating deeper tissues.
These cells are also continuously shed from the surface of the mouth, a process that helps remove trapped debris, food particles, and microorganisms. This constant shedding and replacement mechanism is an important part of the mouth’s self-cleaning process and contributes to maintaining oral hygiene. The rapid turnover of these cells ensures that the protective lining remains intact and effective.