Tennis elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis) is a painful condition affecting the tendons on the outside of the elbow. It is typically caused by the overuse of the forearm muscles and their tendons, which attach to the bony prominence on the outer elbow known as the lateral epicondyle. While the name suggests a link to racquet sports, the condition frequently develops from any repetitive activities involving gripping or twisting the forearm. Managing symptoms often begins with non-invasive methods, and bracing is one of the most common ways to provide immediate, temporary relief.
Understanding Brace Categories
The braces used for managing tennis elbow symptoms fall into three main categories, each with a distinct design and purpose. The most widely used option is the counterforce strap, also known as a tennis elbow band. This small, adjustable strap is worn circumferentially around the forearm, a few centimeters below the elbow joint. It features a focused compression pad that sits directly over the muscle belly of the wrist extensors.
The second category includes compression sleeves, which are longer, full-coverage garments made of elastic or neoprene material. These sleeves cover the entire elbow joint and a substantial portion of the forearm and upper arm. They provide general compression and warmth to the soft tissues.
Finally, wrist splints or braces are used to manage the condition, despite not being placed on the elbow itself. These devices immobilize or severely restrict the movement of the wrist. They are typically bulkier than the other two types and often contain rigid or semi-rigid components to hold the wrist in a fixed position.
How Bracing Provides Relief
The relief provided by bracing is rooted in specific biomechanical principles that reduce strain on the injured tendon. A counterforce strap redirects tension away from the painful attachment point on the lateral epicondyle. By applying targeted compression to the muscle belly of the forearm extensors, the strap creates a new, artificial point of origin for the muscle. This shift reduces the pulling force exerted on the damaged tendon (ECRB), allowing it to rest during activity.
Compression sleeves offer relief through general stability and the principle of proprioception. The snug fit provides warmth, which may increase blood flow, and constant sensory input about the joint’s position. This heightened awareness can help inhibit sudden or harmful movements that might aggravate the tendon. Mild compression can also help manage associated swelling.
Wrist splints work by enforcing near-complete immobilization of the wrist joint. Since the muscles responsible for tennis elbow pain are primarily the wrist extensors, preventing wrist movement significantly limits muscle contraction. This forced rest reduces the strain on the tendon and is effective in severe or chronic cases where the goal is to settle down high levels of pain.
Selecting and Using the Optimal Brace
The most effective brace depends on the severity of the pain and the specific activity being performed. For active use, such as during sports, lifting, or repetitive work tasks, the counterforce strap is the preferred option. Its ability to target the force diversion mechanism makes it ideal for reducing pain while maintaining a full range of motion. Proper placement is crucial, requiring the strap to be positioned one to two finger-widths below the elbow crease, directly over the bulkiest part of the forearm muscle.
The compression sleeve serves a better purpose for mild, general support or during extended, low-impact periods. It offers comfort and warmth throughout the day without the focused, restrictive pressure of a strap. Conversely, a wrist splint is best reserved for severe, acute pain or nighttime use, as it limits wrist movement that causes tension on the elbow tendon. The splint enforces rest, necessary when pain levels are high.
Regardless of the type chosen, the fit must be snug enough to provide support without restricting circulation. A brace that is too tight can cause numbness, tingling, or discoloration in the hand and should be immediately loosened. The correct tension for a counterforce strap is achieved when the user feels pressure over the muscle belly while actively gripping an object. Bracing is a tool for managing symptoms during activities that cause pain, and it is not a cure for the underlying tendon issue.