The nasal septum is a central anatomical structure in the nose, dividing the nasal cavity into two distinct passages. This vertical wall is important for the nose’s architecture. It ensures proper functioning of the nasal passages for respiration.
The Bones of the Nasal Septum
The bony part of the nasal septum is primarily formed by two bones: the vomer and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. The vomer is a thin, flat, and unpaired bone that forms the posterior and inferior portion of the septum. This bone articulates with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone superiorly and contributes significantly to the septum’s base by connecting with the maxillary and palatine bones inferiorly.
The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone is a thin, flattened, and polygonal lamina that descends from the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. It forms the superior and posterior part of the bony nasal septum. This plate articulates with the vomer bone at its lower edge.
Beyond the Bones: Cartilage and Structure
While bones provide a significant foundation, the nasal septum is not exclusively a bony structure. The septal cartilage, also known as the quadrangular cartilage, forms the anterior and inferior parts of the septum. This flexible component is composed of hyaline cartilage and gives the front of the nose its shape.
The septal cartilage connects seamlessly with the bony parts, articulating with the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid posteriorly and the vomer bone inferiorly. It also links with the nasal bones superiorly and the maxilla. This combination of rigid bone and flexible cartilage creates a complete, stable structure that can withstand minor impacts while maintaining some degree of pliability.
The Septum’s Important Role
The nasal septum serves multiple functions for both breathing and overall nasal health. It primarily acts as a partition, ensuring inhaled air flows through distinct left and right nasal passages. This separation directs airflow efficiently into the lungs, preventing turbulent air movement.
Beyond regulating airflow, the septum provides structural support for the external nose, helping to maintain its shape. The mucosal lining covering the septum plays a part in conditioning inhaled air by warming and humidifying it before it reaches the respiratory system. Additionally, the septum acts as a barrier, contributing to the filtering of foreign particles and debris from the air we breathe.