COVID-19 often causes nasal congestion, a bothersome symptom where swollen blood vessels in the nasal passages reduce airflow. While not typically severe, it can significantly impact comfort and quality of life. Understanding effective strategies to manage this symptom can provide considerable relief.
Over-the-Counter Relief Options
Various over-the-counter (OTC) medications alleviate nasal congestion associated with viral infections like COVID-19. Oral decongestants, such as pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine, constrict blood vessels in the nasal lining, reducing swelling and opening airways. Pseudoephedrine offers more potent effects but has legal purchase restrictions, while phenylephrine is widely available. Common side effects include increased heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and restlessness.
Nasal spray decongestants, like oxymetazoline, deliver medication directly to nasal passages. These sprays quickly reduce swelling by constricting local blood vessels, providing rapid relief. However, prolonged use beyond three to five days can lead to rebound congestion, where the nose becomes more congested once the spray wears off. Following package directions for duration of use is important to avoid this effect.
Antihistamines can play a role, particularly if congestion has an allergic component or if a drying effect is desired. Medications such as diphenhydramine reduce nasal secretions and often cause drowsiness. Newer, non-sedating antihistamines like loratadine or cetirizine primarily target allergy symptoms but may offer mild relief for runny nose if allergies contribute to congestion. These medications do not directly clear a blocked nose from inflammation alone.
While not directly clearing congestion, pain relievers and fever reducers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen address associated discomforts. These medications help alleviate sinus pressure, headaches, or facial pain that often accompany significant nasal congestion. They work by reducing inflammation and pain throughout the body, indirectly improving overall comfort. Always adhere to the recommended dosage on the product label.
At-Home Comfort Measures
Beyond medications, several at-home practices provide significant comfort and help manage nasal congestion. Saline nasal sprays or rinses, such as those used with a neti pot, effectively flush out mucus, irritants, and viral particles from the nasal passages. The saline solution also moisturizes the nasal lining, reducing dryness and irritation. Use only distilled, sterile, or previously boiled and cooled water for these rinses to prevent introducing harmful microorganisms.
Using a humidifier or vaporizer introduces moisture into the air, soothing irritated nasal passages and thinning thick mucus. Placing one in the bedroom can make breathing easier, especially at night. Regular cleaning of these devices is necessary to prevent mold and bacteria growth, ensuring the air remains clean and beneficial.
Steam inhalation offers temporary relief by moistening nasal passages and helping to loosen mucus. This can be achieved by leaning over a bowl of hot water with a towel draped over the head, or by taking a hot shower. When using hot water, exercise caution to avoid burns from the steam or the hot water itself.
Maintaining good hydration by drinking plenty of fluids, such as water, clear broths, or herbal teas, is another simple yet effective measure. Adequate fluid intake helps keep mucus thin and flowing, making it easier to clear from the nasal passages. Additionally, elevating the head during sleep can promote better drainage and reduce nighttime congestion. This can be achieved by using an extra pillow or by slightly raising the head of the bed.
Important Safety Considerations
Understanding important safety considerations for nasal congestion remedies is paramount. Prolonged use of decongestant nasal sprays, typically beyond three to five days, carries a significant risk of developing rebound congestion. This condition, also known as rhinitis medicamentosa, causes a cycle of worsening congestion as the medication wears off, leading to increased reliance on the spray. Discontinuing use gradually or under medical guidance can help manage this.
Certain medical conditions can make decongestants unsafe. Individuals with high blood pressure, heart conditions, glaucoma, or prostate enlargement should exercise caution and consult a healthcare professional before using oral decongestants. These medications can exacerbate existing conditions by increasing blood pressure or affecting other body systems. It is also important to consider potential interactions with other medications, including any COVID-19 specific treatments like antivirals.
Always consult a doctor or pharmacist if you are taking other prescription medications to ensure no adverse drug interactions. This is especially relevant for individuals managing chronic health issues. They can provide personalized advice based on your health history and current medication regimen.
It is important to recognize when professional medical attention is needed. While home remedies and OTC options manage symptoms, they do not treat the underlying viral infection. Seek medical advice if symptoms worsen, if you experience difficulty breathing, chest pain, or a persistent high fever. New or severe symptoms, or if congestion does not improve after a reasonable period, also warrant a medical evaluation.