An automated external defibrillator, or AED, is a portable device that can deliver an electric shock to restore a normal heart rhythm during sudden cardiac arrest. Recognizing how to operate an AED quickly can significantly improve outcomes in these emergencies. Understanding specific procedures, particularly for infants, is paramount for effective intervention.
Key Differences for Infants
Using an AED on an infant differs from use on older individuals due to their distinct physiology and common causes of cardiac arrest. Infants have smaller body sizes, which necessitates smaller pads to prevent them from touching each other. Their cardiac arrest often stems from respiratory issues, unlike adults where it is a primary heart problem. Specialized infant/child pads are designed to deliver an attenuated, lower energy dose, typically around 50 joules or less, to match their smaller body mass.
These smaller, attenuated pads reduce the energy delivered by the AED, making it safer for an infant’s developing heart. Using adult pads on an infant can deliver too much energy, potentially causing further harm. Some AEDs feature a dose attenuator or specific infant/child keys that automatically adjust the energy output.
Specific Pad Placement Instructions
Proper AED pad placement on an infant ensures the electrical current passes through the heart effectively. First, expose the infant’s chest and ensure the skin is dry. If there is excessive hair, it may need to be quickly trimmed or shaved for good pad adhesion.
For infants, the anterior-posterior placement method is recommended. Place one attenuated pad on the center of the infant’s chest, on the sternum. The second pad should be placed on the infant’s back, directly between the shoulder blades. Ensure the pads do not touch each other, as this could create a short circuit and prevent the shock from reaching the heart.
Once the pads are securely attached, connect them to the AED. The AED will then analyze the heart rhythm and advise if a shock is necessary. Always follow the voice prompts and visual instructions provided by the AED.
General Safety and Usage Considerations
When responding to an infant cardiac emergency, immediately call 911 or your local emergency number. Begin chest compressions and rescue breaths (CPR), and continue until the AED is ready or emergency medical services arrive. CPR maintains blood flow to the brain and other organs until defibrillation can occur.
Before the AED delivers a shock, ensure no one is touching the infant. The AED will issue a verbal warning, such as “clear,” before discharging electricity. Follow these prompts for the safety of both the infant and the rescuer. Understanding how to use an AED on an infant requires specific training, which can build confidence in emergency situations.