A spot compression mammogram is a specialized diagnostic imaging test focusing on a small, specific area of the breast. It serves as a follow-up to a standard screening mammogram, used when an initial image reveals an area needing closer examination. This test provides a clearer, more detailed picture to help radiologists understand findings not fully clear on initial screening.
Reasons for a Spot Compression Mammogram
A spot compression mammogram is a diagnostic tool, not a routine screening measure. It is recommended when a radiologist identifies an area of concern on a regular screening mammogram. These findings can include a potential mass, an area of focal asymmetry where breast tissue appears different from surrounding areas, or a cluster of tiny calcium deposits known as microcalcifications. This mammogram can also evaluate a palpable lump or thickening noticed by a patient or doctor. The procedure aims to distinguish between overlapping normal breast tissue and a true abnormality.
The Procedure Explained
The spot compression mammogram procedure shares similarities with a standard mammogram but is designed for targeted imaging. You will remove clothing from the waist up and avoid wearing deodorant, antiperspirant, or lotions, as these products can interfere with image clarity. A trained technologist will position your breast on the mammography machine, focusing on the area of concern.
Unlike standard mammography, which uses larger paddles, a spot compression mammogram employs a smaller compression paddle. This smaller paddle applies firm, focused pressure directly to the area of interest, isolating the tissue. The localized compression helps spread out breast tissue, which can reveal a subtle mass obscured by overlying normal tissue or better define the borders of a finding.
While the focused pressure can cause more discomfort than a regular mammogram, it is temporary, lasting only a few seconds for each image. This increased pressure reduces the thickness of the examined area, improving image resolution and bringing the suspicious region closer to the detector for a sharper view. Several images are taken from different angles to provide a comprehensive assessment.
Interpreting the Results
After images are acquired, a radiologist reviews them carefully, often discussing findings with you immediately. The results help determine the next steps in your breast health management. Mammogram results are categorized using a standardized system called BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System), which guides recommendations.
One possible outcome is that the finding is determined to be benign, meaning it is not concerning. This could be due to normal overlapping breast tissue or a simple fluid-filled cyst clarified by the focused compression. In such cases, you can return to routine annual screening.
Alternatively, the finding might remain suspicious or indeterminate, indicating further investigation is warranted. This could lead to a recommendation for an ultrasound or a biopsy, which involves taking a small tissue sample for definitive diagnosis. The spot compression mammogram provides the clarity needed to make informed decisions regarding your breast health.