An anatomy scan is a routine ultrasound performed during pregnancy. This scan provides a detailed look at the developing fetus, assessing its growth and overall well-being. It is a standard part of prenatal care, designed to monitor the pregnancy’s progression.
Purpose and Timing
The primary purpose of an anatomy scan is to thoroughly assess fetal development and identify any potential anatomical variations. This examination confirms the baby’s growth aligns with gestational age and that major organs are forming as expected. It also helps detect a range of conditions, from minor variations to more significant structural anomalies.
This detailed ultrasound is typically scheduled between 18 and 22 weeks of gestation. This timeframe is chosen because the baby is large enough for its structures to be clearly visualized, yet still small enough for comprehensive imaging. Most major organs have developed sufficiently to be evaluated, making it an optimal window for a detailed assessment.
Preparing for Your Scan
Preparing for your anatomy scan involves a few simple steps to help ensure the best possible imaging conditions. You might be advised to have a full bladder, as this can help lift the uterus and provide a clearer view of the baby. Confirm specific instructions with your provider beforehand, as this recommendation can vary.
Wearing comfortable, loose-fitting clothing is advisable, as you will need to lie down for an extended period. Bringing any relevant previous medical records, such as earlier ultrasound reports, can be beneficial for the sonographer. While not mandatory, having a partner or support person present can provide comfort during the examination.
The Scan Procedure
Upon arrival, you will be guided to a private room to lie comfortably on an examination table. The sonographer will explain the process and apply a warm, water-based gel to your abdomen. This gel helps the ultrasound transducer glide smoothly and ensures clear transmission of sound waves.
The sonographer will gently press the transducer against your skin, moving it across your abdomen to capture images from various angles. You will likely see your baby on a monitor as the sonographer measures and examines different structures. The scan typically takes 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the baby’s position and cooperation.
Key Areas Examined
During the anatomy scan, the sonographer systematically examines numerous parts of the fetal anatomy.
The brain is carefully assessed for its overall structure, including the presence of two hemispheres and the formation of key areas like the cerebellum and ventricles. This evaluation helps confirm normal brain development and detect any fluid accumulation.
The fetal heart is a major focus, with the sonographer meticulously checking the four chambers, valve formation, and the connection of major blood vessels. This detailed cardiac assessment aims to identify any structural heart conditions.
The spine is visualized along its entire length, both in cross-section and longitudinally. This confirms that the vertebrae are aligned and the spinal cord is properly enclosed.
Abdominal organs, including the stomach, kidneys, and bladder, are inspected to ensure they are present, appropriately sized, and functioning correctly. The sonographer confirms the presence of two kidneys and that the bladder fills and empties, indicating normal urinary tract function. The abdominal wall is also checked for completeness, ensuring all organs are contained within.
The limbs, including arms, legs, hands, and feet, are examined for their presence, length, and proper formation. Facial features, such as the lips and nose, are also carefully viewed to identify any clefting or other anomalies.
The sonographer assesses the amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the baby, as both too much or too little fluid can indicate potential concerns. The position and appearance of the placenta are also evaluated to ensure it is healthy and providing adequate support to the baby.
Receiving and Interpreting Results
After the anatomy scan is completed, the sonographer typically does not provide a detailed interpretation of the findings. Instead, the ultrasound images and measurements are reviewed by a radiologist or perinatologist, a specialist in high-risk pregnancies. The results are usually communicated to your healthcare provider within a few days, though urgent findings might be discussed immediately.
Your healthcare provider will discuss the comprehensive results with you, often during a follow-up appointment. If all findings are within normal parameters, you will receive reassurance that your baby appears to be developing as expected. If a variation or potential concern is identified, your medical team will explain the finding and discuss potential next steps. This might involve additional testing, such as further detailed ultrasounds, consultations with specialists, or genetic counseling.