A ureteral stent is a thin, flexible tube inserted into the ureter, the narrow tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. The primary purpose of this medical device is to maintain an open pathway for urine flow, often when there is an obstruction caused by conditions such as kidney stones, tumors, or scar tissue. This temporary measure helps to prevent urine buildup in the kidney, which could otherwise lead to damage.
Common Sensations and Side Effects
Following ureteral stent placement, individuals frequently experience a range of sensations and side effects as the body adjusts to the presence of the device. One common feeling is bladder irritation, which can manifest as a frequent or urgent need to urinate. This sensation arises because the stent’s lower end typically coils within the bladder, potentially stimulating the bladder lining.
Many patients report flank pain, which is discomfort in the side or back, usually on the same side as the stented kidney. This pain can sometimes worsen during or immediately after urination, as urine flowing back up the stent towards the kidney can cause pressure. The stent’s presence can also lead to pain or discomfort that radiates to the groin or genital area.
Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is another frequently observed side effect. This is generally mild and may appear as pink or reddish urine, often more noticeable after physical activity. The irritation from the stent can cause minor bleeding, which is usually transient and not a cause for alarm unless it becomes excessive.
Increased frequency of urination and dysuria, which is pain or a burning sensation during urination, are also common. These symptoms are often linked to the bladder irritation caused by the stent. While these sensations can be bothersome, they are typical responses to the stent and are generally manageable.
Managing Discomfort and Daily Activities
Coping with the discomfort associated with a ureteral stent involves several practical strategies aimed at easing symptoms and maintaining daily routines. Pain management often includes over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, which can help alleviate general aches and flank pain. In some cases, a healthcare provider might prescribe stronger medication to manage more significant discomfort or bladder spasms.
Staying well-hydrated is another important step, as drinking plenty of fluids helps to flush the urinary system and can dilute urine, potentially reducing bladder irritation and the intensity of blood in the urine. Adequate fluid intake also supports kidney function while the stent is in place. It is generally recommended to drink enough water to keep urine light yellow or clear.
Modifying certain daily activities can also provide relief. While most normal activities can be continued, strenuous exercise, heavy lifting, or activities that cause jarring movements might exacerbate discomfort or increase blood in the urine. Avoiding these types of activities can help minimize irritation and pain.
Some individuals find that certain dietary choices can influence their symptoms; for instance, reducing intake of irritants like caffeine, alcohol, or spicy foods might help if they seem to worsen bladder irritation or urgency. Managing bladder urgency and frequency can involve scheduled bathroom breaks and avoiding excessive fluid intake right before bed. These measures help in making the experience of living with a stent more tolerable.
When to Contact Your Doctor
While many symptoms after ureteral stent placement are expected, certain signs indicate a need for immediate medical attention to prevent potential complications. It is important to contact your healthcare provider if you experience severe or worsening pain that is not relieved by prescribed or over-the-counter medication. This could suggest an underlying issue that requires further evaluation.
A fever of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher, accompanied by chills, is a significant warning sign that could indicate an infection in the urinary tract or kidney. Similarly, cloudy, foul-smelling urine, or the presence of pus in the urine, are strong indicators of a possible infection that needs prompt treatment. These symptoms warrant immediate medical review to prevent the infection from spreading.
A significant increase in the amount of blood in the urine, or the passing of large blood clots, also requires urgent medical consultation. While some blood is normal, excessive bleeding is not. An inability to urinate, or a noticeable decrease in urine output despite adequate fluid intake, suggests a potential blockage or stent malfunction that needs immediate assessment. Although rare, if the stent appears to fall out, or if you experience persistent nausea or vomiting, you should also contact your doctor without delay.
The Stent Removal Process
Ureteral stents are temporary medical devices, and their removal is a planned part of the treatment process. The timeframe for stent removal varies, typically ranging from a few days to several weeks or months, depending on the reason for its placement and the individual’s healing progress. Your healthcare provider will advise on the specific duration the stent needs to remain in place.
The most common method for removing a ureteral stent is through a procedure called cystoscopy, performed in a clinic or office setting. During this procedure, a thin, flexible instrument with a camera is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. The doctor then uses small graspers to gently remove the stent.
For some short-term stents, particularly those placed for only a few days, a small string may be left extending outside the body, allowing for easier removal by the patient at home as instructed by their doctor. During and immediately after removal, individuals might experience brief discomfort or a sensation of urgency. Continued mild bladder irritation or a small amount of blood in the urine for a short period after removal is also possible as the urinary tract adjusts. Attending the scheduled removal appointment is important to ensure the stent is taken out at the appropriate time.