Paracentesis is a medical procedure performed to remove excess fluid that has accumulated in the abdominal cavity, a condition known as ascites. This fluid buildup can cause discomfort, pain, and breathing difficulties. By draining the fluid, paracentesis aims to alleviate these symptoms and, in some cases, to collect fluid for diagnostic testing to determine the underlying cause of the ascites.
Immediately After the Procedure
Following a paracentesis, you will typically remain in a recovery area for observation. Medical staff will monitor your vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing, to ensure stability and identify any immediate reactions. You may feel relief from abdominal pressure, though mild discomfort or tenderness at the puncture site is common.
A small bandage will be applied to the insertion site and should remain in place for about 24 hours. Your healthcare provider will instruct you on dressing changes. While serious complications are uncommon, the immediate post-procedure period focuses on ensuring your comfort and safety before you return home.
Common Post-Procedure Experiences
Upon returning home, mild pain or soreness at the insertion site is common. This discomfort can usually be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, as advised by your provider. Bruising around the puncture area is also common and typically resolves within a few days.
Fluid leakage from the puncture site is frequent, especially if a large volume of fluid was removed. This clear leakage usually decreases within one to two days. Keep the area clean and dry, changing dressings as needed, to prevent infection. You may feel tired, and resting when fatigued aids recovery.
Take it easy for the first 24 hours, avoiding strenuous activities or heavy lifting for about one week. Light walking is often encouraged to promote blood flow. Unless otherwise instructed, you can typically resume your normal diet. If your stomach feels upset, bland, low-fat foods like rice or toast may be more comfortable.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
Contact your healthcare provider promptly if you experience certain signs or symptoms after paracentesis. Watch for infection at the puncture site, such as increasing redness, swelling, warmth, or pus-like drainage. A fever of 100.4°F (38.0°C) or higher, or chills, also warrants medical attention.
Report persistent or worsening abdominal pain not relieved by medication, or new severe abdominal pain, immediately. Though rare, significant bleeding from the puncture site, or blood soaking through the bandage, requires urgent evaluation. Other concerning symptoms include lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting, which may indicate a drop in blood pressure. Any difficulty breathing or new abdominal swelling also requires immediate medical contact.
Ongoing Care and Future Outlook
Ongoing care after paracentesis focuses on managing the underlying condition causing fluid buildup. This often involves follow-up appointments to monitor your health and assess long-term management strategies. These appointments allow discussion of fluid analysis results and adjustment of treatment plans.
Ascites is often a recurring condition, meaning repeat paracentesis procedures may be necessary to manage symptoms. The frequency depends on how quickly fluid reaccumulates. Your healthcare team may also prescribe medications, like diuretics, to reduce fluid retention. Dietary adjustments, such as limiting sodium intake, are recommended to slow fluid buildup and extend time between procedures.