Knee manipulation, often performed under anesthesia, is a procedure designed to restore motion to a stiff knee. It involves a healthcare provider gently moving the knee through its full range of motion to break up scar tissue that may have formed and limited movement. The procedure is non-surgical, meaning no incisions are made. This process helps to improve the knee’s flexibility and overall function.
Immediately After the Procedure
Upon waking from anesthesia, patients typically experience immediate soreness and swelling in the treated knee. This discomfort is expected, as the manipulation involves breaking up adhesions within the joint. To manage this initial pain, medical staff will administer medication, which may include prescription pain relievers or nerve blocks to numb the area.
The knee might also show signs of bruising. Medical staff will perform an initial assessment to check the knee’s new range of motion and ensure stability. Before discharge, instructions will be provided for applying ice and elevating the leg to help reduce swelling and pain in the first 24 to 48 hours.
Managing Early Recovery at Home
The first days to weeks at home are crucial for recovery, focusing on consistent self-care and physical therapy. Physical therapy typically begins within 1-2 days of the procedure. These early sessions focus on regaining and maintaining the newly achieved range of motion, often involving exercises like heel slides, seated knee bends, and prone quad stretches. It is important to begin these exercises soon after the manipulation to prevent new scar tissue from forming.
Pain management continues at home through prescribed medications, including narcotic and non-narcotic options. The RICE method—Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation—is recommended to reduce swelling and discomfort. Applying ice for 10-20 minutes multiple times daily, elevating the leg above heart level, and using compression wraps aids recovery. Activity restrictions will be in place; patients may need crutches or a walker for a few days to weeks, depending on comfort and manipulation extent.
The Road to Full Function
The path to full function spans several weeks to months, with physical therapy remaining central. As initial discomfort subsides, physical therapy evolves from focusing on range of motion to incorporating strengthening and functional exercises. This helps rebuild muscle strength and improve stability. Patients gradually transition from basic movements to more complex activities, guided by their physical therapist.
Returning to daily activities, work, and exercise is a phased process, individualized by recovery milestones. Walking without aid, resuming light activities, and eventually engaging in more strenuous exercise occurs over time. Most patients can expect full recovery within 3-6 months. Consistency with the home exercise program and active participation in physical therapy are important for achieving the best long-term outcomes.
Important Considerations and When to Call Your Doctor
Maintaining hydration and a balanced diet supports healing. Adhering to medical instructions, including medication and activity guidelines, is important for smooth recovery. Some pain, swelling, and redness are expected initially.
However, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. These include signs of infection such as a fever above 100°F (37.8°C), chills, increasing redness or warmth around the knee, or any drainage from the incision site, especially if it is grayish or foul-smelling. Sudden, severe pain, pain that worsens despite medication, numbness or tingling in the leg or foot, or an inability to bear weight when previously able are also reasons to contact a doctor without delay.