Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a treatment derived from the plasma of thousands of healthy donors, containing a pool of antibodies. It is administered to individuals with various conditions, including immunodeficiencies where the body lacks sufficient antibodies to fight infections, and autoimmune diseases where the immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. This article guides you through what to anticipate following an IVIG infusion.
Common Post-Infusion Experiences
Many individuals experience mild, temporary effects after an IVIG infusion. These reactions are not severe and typically resolve within 24 to 48 hours. Common experiences include headaches and fatigue. Some people may also notice flu-like symptoms such as chills, mild fever, and muscle aches.
Other common post-infusion sensations can involve stomach pain, nausea, or occasionally vomiting. Reactions at the infusion site, such as redness, soreness, or tenderness, are also possible. While these effects can be bothersome, they are usually manageable and do not indicate a serious complication. Most side effects are more common with the first infusion or if a different brand of IVIG is used.
Managing Post-Infusion Symptoms
Several strategies can help alleviate common symptoms after an IVIG infusion. Staying well-hydrated is recommended by drinking plenty of non-alcoholic, non-caffeinated fluids before, during, and after the infusion. Adequate hydration can reduce the likelihood and intensity of headaches, dizziness, and fatigue. Some healthcare providers may also suggest intravenous fluids to enhance hydration.
Over-the-counter pain relievers can effectively manage headaches and muscle aches. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen sodium (Aleve) are often suggested. Resting in a quiet, comfortable environment can also aid in recovery and reduce discomfort. It is advisable to avoid strenuous activity immediately following the infusion.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
While most post-infusion reactions are mild, certain symptoms warrant immediate attention from a healthcare provider. A severe headache that does not improve with medication, a stiff neck, or sensitivity to light could signal a serious condition like aseptic meningitis. Persistent high fever, especially above 101°F (38.3°C), should also be reported.
Signs of a severe allergic reaction, such as widespread hives, swelling of the face or throat, wheezing, or difficulty breathing, require urgent medical evaluation. Other concerning symptoms include chest pain, severe back pain, or new or worsening severe discomfort. Reduced urine output, dark urine, sudden weight gain, or swelling in the face, arms, or legs could indicate kidney issues.
Understanding the Therapeutic Effects
IVIG works by providing healthy antibodies that can either replace missing ones in individuals with immune deficiencies or modulate an overactive immune system in autoimmune conditions. This helps the body fight infections and reduce inflammation. In autoimmune diseases, IVIG’s effects can involve complex interactions, such as influencing antibody production or reducing harmful immune responses.
The therapeutic benefits of IVIG are not immediate and take time to become apparent, often several weeks. The duration of these effects vary, lasting from a few weeks to several months, depending on the individual’s specific condition and response to treatment. For some chronic conditions, ongoing IVIG treatment may be necessary to maintain its benefits.