An intrauterine device (IUD) is a T-shaped birth control device placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy, offering a long-acting reversible contraceptive option. IUDs are highly effective. Knowing what to expect after IUD insertion can help individuals feel more prepared and comfortable. This article outlines common experiences in the days, weeks, and months following the procedure.
Immediate Post-Insertion Sensations
After IUD insertion, it is common to experience physical sensations as the body adjusts. Mild to moderate cramping, often similar to menstrual cramps, is frequent immediately following the procedure and can last for a few hours to several days. Light bleeding or spotting is also normal in the initial days and weeks.
Brief spells of dizziness or lightheadedness can also occur shortly after insertion. To manage discomfort, over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or naproxen and a heating pad can be helpful. These sensations are temporary. The most intense cramping subsides within 24 hours, though some discomfort may persist for up to a week.
Changes in Your Menstrual Cycle
An IUD can significantly alter menstrual patterns, depending on the type inserted. Hormonal IUDs release progestin, which can lead to lighter periods, reduced cramping, and sometimes, no periods at all (amenorrhea). Irregular spotting or light bleeding is common for the first three to six months as the body adjusts to the hormones.
Conversely, non-hormonal (copper) IUDs do not release hormones and may cause heavier and longer periods, along with increased cramping, especially during the first few months after insertion. This is due to the copper triggering an inflammatory response in the uterus. These menstrual changes stabilize within three to six months.
Checking Your IUD Strings
Regularly checking your IUD strings is important to ensure the device remains in its correct position. The strings are two small plastic threads that extend from the IUD through the cervix into the upper part of the vagina. To perform a check, wash your hands thoroughly to prevent infection.
Once your hands are clean, squat or sit in a comfortable position. Insert your index or middle finger into your vagina until you can feel your cervix, which has a firm, rubbery texture similar to the tip of your nose. Gently feel for the fine, fishing line-like strings curled around the cervix.
Note if the strings feel shorter, longer, or are missing, as this could indicate the IUD has moved. If you notice any changes or cannot locate them, contact your healthcare provider and use a backup birth control method until the IUD’s position is confirmed.
When to Seek Medical Advice
While many post-insertion symptoms are normal, certain signs warrant prompt medical attention. A fever, chills, or severe abdominal pain accompanied by unusual or foul-smelling vaginal discharge can indicate an infection. Report these symptoms to a healthcare provider without delay.
If you or your partner can feel the IUD itself, or if the strings are longer, shorter, or cannot be found, the IUD may have been expelled or shifted. Severe, persistent pain or cramping not relieved by over-the-counter medication, or heavy bleeding that soaks more than one pad per hour for several hours, also requires medical evaluation. Any symptoms of pregnancy with an IUD in place should be discussed with a healthcare provider immediately.