Cervical polyps are common, non-cancerous growths that appear on the cervix, the narrow passage connecting the uterus to the vagina. These tissues are often discovered during routine pelvic exams, as they frequently cause no symptoms. However, they may lead to irregular vaginal bleeding, such as spotting between periods or after intercourse, or abnormal discharge, prompting their removal. The procedure is generally straightforward and typically performed in an outpatient setting.
Immediate Post-Procedure Sensations
Immediately after cervical polyp removal, mild cramping, similar to menstrual cramps, is common. This discomfort is typically temporary and can often be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers. Light spotting or bleeding from the vagina is also expected.
The spotting usually subsides within a few days, though it can last up to two weeks, or even up to four weeks if a heated wire loop was used for removal. You might also notice a clear or brownish discharge. If silver nitrate was applied to control bleeding, the discharge may appear dark brown or black for a few days. These post-procedure occurrences are normal indicators of healing.
Managing Recovery and Activities
The recovery period following cervical polyp removal typically lasts from a few days to a couple of weeks, allowing the cervix to heal. Avoid strenuous activities, including heavy exercise and lifting, for about one to two weeks. Limiting these activities helps prevent increased bleeding or discomfort at the removal site.
To support healing and prevent potential infection, avoid inserting anything into the vagina for a specified period. This includes refraining from using tampons, douching, and engaging in sexual intercourse. This restriction usually lasts for one to two weeks, or until any discharge or bleeding has completely stopped. Taking baths or swimming may also be restricted for a few days to a week to prevent bacteria from entering the healing area.
When to Contact Your Doctor
While mild symptoms are common after cervical polyp removal, certain signs warrant immediate medical attention. You should contact your healthcare provider if you experience heavy bleeding, defined as soaking more than one sanitary pad per hour. This level of bleeding suggests a potential complication.
Severe or worsening pain in your lower abdomen or pelvis that is not relieved by over-the-counter pain medication is also a concerning symptom. Other warning signs include a fever above 100.4°F (38°C) or chills, which could indicate an infection. A foul-smelling or unusual vaginal discharge, or pus, also points to a possible infection. Dizziness or feeling generally unwell after the procedure should also prompt contact with your healthcare provider.
Follow-Up Care
Follow-up appointments are an important part of care after cervical polyp removal. Your doctor may schedule a visit approximately four to six weeks after the procedure to check the healing process of your cervix. During this appointment, your healthcare provider will also discuss the pathology results from the removed polyp. This analysis confirms the benign nature of the polyp and rules out any abnormal cells.
While it is uncommon for cervical polyps to grow back, recurrence can happen in a small percentage of individuals, around 12.6%. Regular gynecological check-ups and Pap tests are important for overall reproductive health and can help detect any new polyps or other changes early. Most patients typically do not require further appointments unless new concerns arise or specific follow-up is indicated by the pathology results.