A torn meniscus is a common knee injury involving damage to the C-shaped cartilage that cushions the knee joint. This cartilage acts as a shock absorber between the shinbone and thighbone. A tear results from forceful twisting or rotation of the knee, or age-related degeneration. Arthroscopic knee surgery is a common treatment, offering a minimally invasive approach to address these tears. This procedure allows surgeons to view and operate inside the knee joint through small incisions, utilizing a tiny camera and specialized instruments.
The Initial Days After Surgery
Immediately following arthroscopic meniscus surgery, patients experience pain, which is managed with prescribed medication. Swelling around the knee is also common and can be reduced by applying ice packs and keeping the leg elevated. The surgical site will have small incisions, covered with a bandage to protect them as they heal.
Patients use crutches or assistive devices in the initial days to limit weight-bearing on the operated knee, depending on the repair type. Instructions will be provided for caring for incision sites, involving keeping them clean and dry. A follow-up appointment with the surgeon is scheduled within a week to assess healing and remove stitches or adhesive strips. This early period focuses on protecting the repair and initiating basic pain and swelling control.
Rehabilitation and Recovery Progress
Physical therapy guides recovery following arthroscopic knee surgery for a torn meniscus. The initial phase focuses on reducing swelling and pain while gradually restoring the knee’s range of motion. Gentle exercises are introduced to prevent stiffness and encourage early, controlled movement of the joint.
As healing progresses, rehabilitation strengthens muscles around the knee, including quadriceps and hamstrings. Specific exercises rebuild muscle mass and improve joint stability. Balance training may also enhance proprioception, the body’s ability to sense its position and movement.
Recovery timeline varies based on meniscus tear type and surgical procedure (repair vs. tissue removal). A meniscus repair requires longer protected weight-bearing, potentially up to six weeks with crutches or a brace, for tissue healing. Progression from non-weight bearing to partial and full weight-bearing is managed by the physical therapist based on individual healing and strength. Recovery to full function can take 4 to 5 months after a repair.
Returning to Daily Activities and Sports
Gradually resuming daily activities is a part of the recovery process, with timelines varying based on the individual’s healing and the demands of the activity. Most patients can resume normal activities within a few weeks after a partial meniscectomy, though a meniscus repair may require a longer period of restricted activity. Driving can be resumed once the patient is no longer using crutches, can comfortably operate the vehicle’s pedals, and is no longer taking strong pain medication.
Returning to work depends on the physical demands of the job; sedentary roles may allow for an earlier return, while jobs requiring standing, walking, or lifting will necessitate a longer recovery period. For sports or more strenuous physical activities, a phased return is implemented under the guidance of a physical therapist and surgeon. This involves a gradual increase in intensity and complexity of movements, ensuring the knee has regained sufficient strength, stability, and range of motion to minimize the risk of re-injury. Listening to the body and avoiding activities that cause pain or discomfort are important throughout this phase.
Recognizing Potential Complications
While arthroscopic knee surgery is safe, it is important to be aware of signs of complication, requiring medical attention. Signs of infection at the surgical site include increasing redness, warmth, swelling, persistent or worsening pain, or pus draining from the incisions. A fever can also suggest an infection.
Another concern is deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or blood clots, which can manifest as calf pain, tenderness, or swelling in the leg. Any sudden numbness, tingling, or changes in sensation in the foot or lower leg should also be reported to a healthcare provider. Persistent pain that does not improve with medication or rest, or a sudden inability to bear weight on the leg, warrants medical evaluation.