An aortic aneurysm is a weakened, bulging area in the aorta, the body’s largest blood vessel. If it grows too large, it can rupture, leading to a life-threatening emergency. Aortic aneurysm surgery repairs this weakened section, preventing rupture. This article guides individuals through recovery after aortic aneurysm surgery, detailing what to expect in the hospital, at home, and long-term.
Hospital Recovery
Immediately after aortic aneurysm surgery, patients transfer to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or a post-anesthesia care unit for close observation. Medical staff monitor vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. Patients may connect to intravenous (IV) lines for fluids and medication, a urinary catheter, and potentially a nasogastric tube. A breathing machine may also be used until the patient can breathe independently.
Pain management is a focus during hospital recovery, with medications administered through IVs or patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pumps. Early mobilization is encouraged within one to two days. This involves sitting up, standing, and taking short, assisted walks to promote circulation, prevent blood clots, and aid in lung function.
Hospital stay duration varies by surgery type (open repair or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)) and individual progress. For open repair, patients generally stay 5 to 10 days; for EVAR, the stay is often 2 to 4 days. Before discharge, tubes are gradually removed, and patients resume oral intake and increase mobility. Transition from the ICU to a regular surgical ward occurs once the patient is stable.
Managing Recovery at Home
Recovery continues at home. Discomfort around the incision site is common and can persist for several weeks. Take prescribed pain medications as directed. Contact a healthcare provider if pain becomes unmanageable or suddenly intensifies.
Proper wound care prevents infection and promotes healing. Keep the incision clean and dry. Avoid soaking in baths or hot tubs until the wound is fully healed (6 to 8 weeks). Signs of infection warrant immediate medical attention:
Increased redness
Swelling
Warmth
Pus-like discharge from the incision
Persistent fever
Activity restrictions protect the surgical repair. Avoid lifting anything heavier than 5 to 10 pounds for 4 to 8 weeks, as straining can pressure the healing incision. Driving is restricted until pain medications are no longer needed and you can safely perform an emergency stop (usually after 3 to 4 weeks). Gradually increase activity, starting with short walks. Avoid strenuous activities like heavy lifting for a longer period, often around 3 months for full recovery.
Nutrition and hydration support healing. A balanced diet helps the body repair tissues and regain strength. Adequate fluid intake prevents issues like constipation, a side effect of pain medication. Eating smaller, more frequent meals may be beneficial if appetite is reduced.
Emotional recovery is common. You may experience fatigue, mood swings, anxiety, or sadness for several weeks. Seek support from family, friends, or healthcare professionals.
Life After Surgery and Beyond
Life after aortic aneurysm surgery involves ongoing health management and a gradual return to normal activities. Regular follow-up appointments with the surgical team and a cardiologist monitor the repair’s long-term success. These appointments include imaging scans (CT, MRI, or ultrasound) to check the repaired aorta and ensure the graft remains stable. For endovascular repair, surveillance imaging is recommended at 1 month, 6 months, and annually. For open repair, it’s every 5 years if stable.
Adhere to prescribed medications lifelong, especially for managing blood pressure and cholesterol, which influence the aorta’s health and surgical repair. Maintain a heart-healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular physical activity (as advised), and avoiding smoking. This contributes to long-term well-being and repair stability. Smoking cessation is recommended as it damages blood vessels.
Return to work and daily routines is gradual, often taking weeks to months depending on activity and individual recovery. Progressively increase activity, avoiding overexertion. Full recovery can take months, but many resume light activities within 6 to 8 weeks.
Even after returning home, be aware of signs indicating a problem that warrant immediate medical attention. These include:
Sudden, severe abdominal or back pain
Chest pain
Persistent fever
New or increased shortness of breath
Dizziness
Leg swelling
Report such symptoms to a healthcare provider for timely assessment and intervention.