An endometrial biopsy is a medical procedure that takes a small tissue sample from the endometrium, the lining of the uterus. This sample is then examined under a microscope to diagnose conditions like abnormal uterine bleeding, irregular menstrual cycles, or postmenopausal bleeding. It also helps check for abnormal cells or cancer. The procedure typically takes 10 to 15 minutes and is often performed in a doctor’s office.
Expected Post-Biopsy Symptoms
Immediately after an endometrial biopsy, you may experience light cramping, pelvic pressure, or brief dizziness. These discomforts usually subside quickly with a few minutes of rest before leaving the office. Many individuals report that the cramping feels similar to menstrual cramps.
Light bleeding or spotting is common and may last for a few hours to a few days, sometimes up to a week. This bleeding often appears as light flow, similar to the end of a menstrual period, and may also include brownish discharge. Mild to moderate cramping, comparable to menstrual discomfort, is typical and generally resolves within one to two days.
You might also notice watery vaginal discharge. To manage discomfort, over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen are often recommended. Consult your doctor about the appropriate dosage and timing for these medications.
Post-Procedure Care and Activity
Following an endometrial biopsy, self-care measures promote healing and prevent complications. Use sanitary pads instead of tampons for any bleeding or discharge. Avoid douching, baths, or swimming for about one week to reduce infection risk. Showers are generally safe.
Activity restrictions allow your body to recover properly. Avoid strenuous exercise, heavy lifting, and sexual intercourse for a few days to a week after the procedure. These precautions help minimize the risk of increased bleeding or infection. Resting and staying hydrated are also important for a smooth recovery.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While many post-biopsy symptoms are normal, certain signs indicate a complication requiring immediate medical attention. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience heavy bleeding that saturates more than one sanitary pad per hour for two consecutive hours. This type of bleeding is not typical and needs prompt evaluation.
Other warning signs include severe or worsening pelvic pain not relieved by over-the-counter medication, or pain persisting beyond two to three days. A fever above 100.4°F (38°C), chills, or a foul-smelling vaginal discharge also indicate a potential infection. These symptoms are distinct from the expected mild discomfort and spotting.
Understanding Your Biopsy Results
After your endometrial biopsy, the tissue sample is sent to a laboratory for microscopic analysis. Results are typically available within one to two weeks, allowing pathologists to thoroughly examine the cells for any abnormalities.
Your doctor will communicate the biopsy results, often by phone or during a follow-up appointment. The results provide information about your uterine lining, informing diagnosis and next steps, such as further testing or a treatment plan. For instance, results might indicate normal endometrial tissue, hyperplasia, or cancerous cells, guiding subsequent medical decisions.