A deep cleaning, formally known as Scaling and Root Planing (SRP), is a non-surgical procedure necessary when bacterial plaque and hardened calculus build up beneath the gumline. This accumulation leads to inflammation and the formation of periodontal pockets, which are spaces between the tooth and gum tissue that exceed a healthy depth. Scaling involves removing tartar and bacteria from the tooth surface and below the gumline. Root planing then smoothes the root surfaces, making it difficult for bacteria to reattach and promoting the reattachment of gum tissue. SRP is typically the first line of defense against moderate gum disease (periodontitis) and sets the stage for gum health recovery.
Immediate Post-Procedure Expectations
The first 24 to 48 hours following a deep cleaning involve several temporary physical sensations as the mouth begins healing. It is normal to experience gum soreness, mild tenderness, and slight swelling in the treated areas. Manipulation of the gum tissue often results in minor bleeding, which may manifest as a pink tinge in your saliva for the first day.
Increased tooth sensitivity, particularly to temperature changes, is common following SRP. This occurs because the insulating layer of calculus has been removed, temporarily exposing the underlying dentin. If a local anesthetic was administered, the treated areas will remain numb for several hours. Wait until all numbness has worn off before attempting to eat to prevent accidental injury to the tongue, cheeks, or lips.
Managing Discomfort and the Recovery Timeline
Soreness and discomfort are typically managed with over-the-counter pain relievers, which should be taken before the local anesthetic wears off. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen are often recommended because they reduce both pain and inflammation. Alternatively, acetaminophen can be used if you cannot take NSAIDs.
Soreness should peak within the first 24 to 48 hours and then subside rapidly. While mild tenderness may persist for a few days, report any severe or worsening pain after this initial period to your dental office. Heightened tooth sensitivity usually diminishes within one to two weeks, though it can occasionally last up to a few months. Using a desensitizing toothpaste can help block the exposed tubules on the root surfaces. If antibiotics were prescribed, complete the entire course as directed to prevent post-procedure infection.
Dietary and Oral Hygiene Guidelines
During the initial healing period, modify your diet to protect the treated gum tissue. For the first 48 hours, consume primarily soft foods that require minimal chewing, such as mashed potatoes, yogurt, scrambled eggs, or soup. Avoid hard, crunchy, sticky, or sharp foods, like nuts, chips, popcorn, and raw vegetables, as these can disturb the healing gums. Also, refrain from drinking through a straw, especially if the procedure involved deep scaling, as the suction motion can dislodge forming blood clots.
For the first 24 hours, modify oral hygiene to protect the healing sites. Instead of brushing the treated area, gently rinse your mouth with a warm salt water solution (half a teaspoon of salt in eight ounces of warm water) two to three times daily. After the first day, resume gentle brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush, carefully avoiding vigorous scrubbing near the gumline. If your dentist provided a prescription antimicrobial mouthwash, such as chlorhexidine, use it exactly as instructed to reduce bacteria and promote healing.
Signs of Complications and Follow-up Care
While recovery is usually straightforward, certain signs indicate a need to contact your dental provider immediately. These potential complications require professional evaluation:
- Severe, persistent bleeding that cannot be stopped with gentle pressure.
- Swelling that increases or lasts beyond three days.
- A fever.
- Severe pain that does not respond to prescribed or over-the-counter medication.
- Difficulty swallowing.
Following the deep cleaning, long-term periodontal health depends on a specialized maintenance schedule. Patients who have undergone SRP require follow-up appointments known as periodontal maintenance (CDT code D4910), which differ from a standard preventive cleaning. These appointments are typically scheduled every three to four months, rather than the usual six months. This schedule helps remove new plaque and calculus and prevents the recurrence of periodontal disease, ensuring the long-term preservation of your teeth.