An irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) attack brings significant discomfort, often characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, gas, and altered bowel habits. Specific dietary choices during these acute flare-ups can help manage symptoms and improve comfort. This article guides immediate dietary adjustments to alleviate the distress of an IBS attack.
Soothing Foods and Drinks for Relief
During an IBS attack, gentle, easily digestible foods can reduce irritation and provide comfort. Plain white rice is well-tolerated due to its low fiber and easy digestibility. Peeled, boiled, or plain baked potatoes also offer a bland, soothing option. Ripe bananas are another suitable choice, providing gentle carbohydrates and soluble fiber.
Clear broths, like chicken or vegetable, supply essential nutrients and fluids without taxing the digestive system. Lean proteins, such as plain, cooked chicken or fish, are well-received as they are less likely to ferment in the gut. Cooked carrots are a good low-FODMAP vegetable, providing nutrients without excessive fiber.
Begin with small portions, allowing the digestive system to process food without becoming overwhelmed. Gradually increase the amount as tolerance allows. Gentle, non-caffeinated herbal teas offer soothing properties; peppermint tea relaxes intestinal muscles, ginger tea helps with stomach pain and nausea, and chamomile tea calms the digestive tract.
Foods to Temporarily Avoid During an Attack
During an acute IBS attack, certain foods and beverages can intensify symptoms and are best avoided. High-FODMAP foods are common triggers; their carbohydrates are poorly absorbed and ferment in the gut, leading to gas, bloating, and pain. Examples include onions, garlic, apples, pears, and many types of beans and lentils.
Spicy foods, especially those with capsaicin, can irritate the digestive system and worsen abdominal pain and diarrhea. High-fat foods, like fried or greasy items, can be challenging to digest and may trigger cramping or bloating. Processed foods and artificial sweeteners like sorbitol or mannitol can also contribute to digestive distress.
Dairy products, especially those with lactose, can be problematic for lactose-intolerant individuals, leading to gas and bloating. Gluten, found in wheat, rye, and barley, may also trigger symptoms for some, even without celiac disease, due to its fructan content. Avoiding these items during a flare-up is a temporary strategy for symptom management, not a permanent dietary change.
Essential Hydration Strategies
Maintaining proper hydration is important during an IBS attack, especially with diarrhea, which can lead to fluid and electrolyte loss. Plain water is the primary choice for hydration, helping regulate bowel movements and prevent dehydration. Sipping water slowly throughout the day, rather than large amounts at once, helps avoid overwhelming the digestive system.
Electrolyte-rich fluids replenish lost minerals, particularly during diarrhea. Oral rehydration solutions, diluted low-FODMAP fruit juices (like cranberry), or coconut water in moderation can restore electrolyte balance. Some sports drinks also offer electrolyte replenishment, but check labels for high-FODMAP ingredients like sorbitol or mannitol.
Beverages that dehydrate or irritate the gut should be avoided. Caffeine (in coffee, tea, and some sodas) can stimulate the digestive system and worsen diarrhea. Alcohol, sugary sodas, and carbonated beverages can also irritate the gut lining and contribute to gas and bloating. Choosing decaffeinated or herbal teas and avoiding these irritating drinks supports digestive comfort during an IBS attack.