The common mullein (Verbascum thapsus) is a tall, biennial plant recognized by its towering flower stalk and distinctive yellow blossoms. It is valued in traditional herbal practices, particularly for its small, potent flowers. The delicate petals are traditionally used in preparations aimed at soothing irritation and supporting wellness, primarily through infused oils and gentle teas. Understanding the proper methods for gathering and preparing these flowers allows for their practical use in home remedies.
Identifying and Ethically Harvesting Mullein Flowers
Identifying the mullein plant is relatively simple, as it sends up a prominent, unbranched flower spike that can reach heights of up to 10 feet in its second year of growth. Along this spike, the flowers appear as five-lobed, bright yellow blossoms clustered in a dense, cylindrical formation. Each individual flower is small, about three-quarters of an inch wide, and features conspicuous, bearded stamens.
The flowering season typically runs through the summer months, from June to September, but only a few flowers open each day. The best time to gather the petals is in the morning after the dew has dried, when they are freshly opened and at their peak potency. For ethical foraging, only take what is needed and leave the majority of the blooms intact to ensure the plant can successfully produce seeds.
Avoid washing the freshly picked flowers, as excess moisture can promote mold growth and ruin an oil infusion. Instead, lay the flowers out on a surface for a few hours to allow them to wilt slightly. Always be certain of a plant’s identity before harvesting and using it for any remedy.
Methods for Preparing Mullein Flower Bases
The harvested flowers can be processed into two primary forms: dried for infusions or preserved in oil. To prepare dried mullein flowers, spread the collected petals in a single layer on a drying screen or clean paper plate, keeping them out of direct sunlight in a warm, well-ventilated area. After two to three days, the flowers should be completely dry and ready to be stored in an airtight container.
Mullein flower oil requires infusing the flowers into a carrier oil such as olive oil. Fill a clean, dry glass jar about two-thirds full with the wilted flowers, then pour the carrier oil over them until they are completely submerged. The flowers must be fully covered to prevent spoilage.
There are two main infusion techniques: a slow solar infusion or a faster heat infusion. For the traditional solar method, seal the jar and place it in a sunny window for four to six weeks, gently shaking it daily to aid the extraction process. Alternatively, the faster method involves placing the uncapped jar into a crockpot on the lowest “warm” setting for a minimum of four hours, or up to three days.
After the infusion period is complete, the oil must be strained to remove all plant material. Pour the oil first through a fine-mesh sieve, then follow with a second straining through a tightly woven cloth, such as cheesecloth or a coffee filter. The finished infused oil should be stored in a dark, labeled glass bottle.
Traditional Uses for Mullein Flower Remedies
The finished mullein flower preparations are traditionally applied to leverage the plant’s known demulcent, anti-inflammatory, and mild analgesic properties. Mullein flower oil is used to soothe discomfort associated with earaches, especially those that accompany minor colds or congestion. The oil is believed to work by reducing inflammation in the ear canal and providing a comforting, emollient layer.
For use as an ear oil, a few drops of the slightly warmed oil are applied externally into the ear canal. It is important to never use the oil if there is any suspicion of a perforated eardrum. If a person experiences discharge, bleeding, or severe pain, they should seek immediate medical attention. The anti-inflammatory effect also makes the oil useful for soothing minor skin irritations or bruises when applied topically.
Dried mullein flowers are brewed into a soothing herbal infusion, often combined with the leaves, to support respiratory health. The demulcent compounds found in the flowers help to coat and calm irritated mucous membranes in the throat and lungs. This tea is traditionally consumed to relieve minor coughs and general respiratory irritation.
While these remedies have been used for centuries, it is prudent to consult with a qualified medical professional before introducing any herbal preparation, especially for use in children or for addressing serious or persistent health conditions. Herbal remedies are intended to complement, not replace, professional medical advice and treatment.