A broken toenail, which can manifest as a chip, crack, or partial to full detachment, often results from trauma, such as stubbing a toe or dropping a heavy object on the foot. Ill-fitting shoes can also contribute by causing repetitive pressure, leading to nail damage. Additionally, underlying conditions like fungal infections can weaken the toenail, making it more susceptible to breaking.
Immediate Actions for a Broken Toenail
Promptly addressing a broken toenail helps prevent further damage and potential complications. Clean the injured area with soap and water to reduce infection risk. If bleeding, apply direct pressure with a clean cloth or gauze until it stops. Elevating the injured foot can also help reduce blood flow.
Trim any loose parts of the nail with clean nail clippers or sterile scissors to prevent snagging. After cleaning and trimming, apply an antiseptic ointment to protect against bacterial growth. Cover the injured toe with a sterile, non-stick bandage to shield it from further trauma and keep the area clean.
Manage pain with over-the-counter relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Applying a cold compress or soaking the toe in cold water can reduce swelling and throbbing. Continue to change the bandage daily and monitor the toe for any changes.
Signs You Need Medical Attention
While many broken toenails can be managed at home, certain signs indicate the need for professional medical evaluation. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe, persistent pain or excessive bleeding that does not stop after sustained pressure. Signs of infection, such as increasing redness, swelling, warmth, pus, or a fever, require prompt medical attention.
A completely detached toenail, a deep cut or puncture wound near the nail, or an injury caused by a crush incident also require professional assessment. If discoloration or bruising under the nail covers more than a quarter or half of the nail, it may indicate a subungual hematoma that needs draining to relieve pressure and prevent infection. Individuals with underlying health conditions like diabetes or circulatory problems should seek medical attention for any foot injury, as these conditions can impair healing and increase the risk of serious complications, including systemic infections.
Long-Term Care and Future Prevention
Long-term care is important for effective healing and prevention. Keep the injured area clean and dry, changing bandages regularly to promote a healthy healing environment. Monitor the toenail for any signs of infection, such as increased pain, redness, or pus.
The nail should be allowed to grow out naturally, which can take several months to over a year for a toenail to fully regrow. Preventing future broken toenails involves several practical measures.
Always trim toenails straight across, avoiding rounding the corners or cutting them too short, which can lead to ingrown toenails. Leaving a small margin of white nail beyond the fingertip is advisable. Ensure you wear well-fitting shoes with adequate room in the toe box to prevent repetitive trauma. Protecting feet during activities that pose a risk of injury is also beneficial. Addressing underlying issues like fungal infections, which can make nails brittle and prone to breaking, is also important for long-term nail health.