Coyotes are adaptable wild canids that increasingly share landscapes with human populations, from rural areas to urban environments. Understanding how to react during an encounter can help ensure both personal safety and the well-being of these animals. This guide provides actionable advice for safely coexisting with coyotes.
Responding to a Sighting
When encountering a non-aggressive coyote, maintain distance. Never approach them, as this can habituate them to human presence and lead to undesirable interactions. If a coyote notices you, avoid running, which can trigger a chase instinct; instead, stand your ground.
To appear less like prey and more like a threat, make yourself look as large as possible. Wave your arms overhead, open your jacket, or hold an object above your head. Simultaneously, make loud noises by shouting, clapping firmly, or using a whistle or air horn.
While hazing, slowly back away from the coyote, continuing to face it. This allows you to monitor its reaction and ensures you are not turning your back, which could be perceived as an invitation. If with a pet, keep it on a short leash and close to you, or pick up smaller pets and place them behind you.
Managing Bold or Aggressive Behavior
If a coyote displays aggressive behavior like growling, lunging, or following, intensify your deterrent efforts. Continue with loud noises and making yourself large. Consider throwing small objects like sticks, rocks, or cans near the coyote, not directly at it. Using a garden hose or a water gun filled with vinegar water can also be an effective deterrent.
If the coyote continues to approach, stronger deterrents may be necessary. Pepper spray or bear repellent, if legally permitted, can be employed as a last resort for self-defense. A sturdy stick can also be used for defense if the coyote makes physical contact.
Protect children and pets during such encounters. Pick up small children or pets immediately, positioning yourself between them and the coyote. If a coyote bites a human or exhibits unprovoked aggressive behavior, report the incident immediately to local animal control or wildlife authorities.
Minimizing Future Interactions
Proactive measures prevent future coyote encounters around your home. Securing food sources is a primary step: keep pet food indoors, ensure garbage cans have tight-fitting lids, and manage compost piles to prevent access. Promptly clean up fallen fruit from trees.
Modifying your landscape reduces coyote hiding spots. Regularly trim dense bushes and clear brush around your home to create open sightlines. Motion-activated lights and sprinklers can also startle coyotes and discourage them from entering your yard, particularly at night when they are more active.
Supervise pets closely, especially during dawn and dusk, which are peak coyote activity times. Keep dogs on leashes during walks, and ensure pets are in secure outdoor enclosures. For added protection, consider installing coyote-proof fencing at least 6 feet tall with an underground barrier of 12-18 inches to prevent digging, or features like coyote rollers that deter climbing. Educating neighbors about responsible wildlife practices, such as not feeding coyotes, contributes to community-wide deterrence.