The tongue, a highly mobile and vascular organ, is susceptible to cuts from various accidental events like biting, falls, or other oral trauma. While often minor, the rich blood supply means even small cuts can bleed significantly. Prompt action is important to manage discomfort and support healing.
Immediate Steps for a Tongue Cut
First, stop any bleeding. Apply direct, firm pressure to the wound using a clean cloth or sterile gauze for about 10 minutes. If bleeding is heavy, use a second dressing over the first, but avoid removing the initial dressing to prevent disturbing the clot. Lean forward and gently spit out any excess blood rather than swallowing it, as ingesting blood can cause nausea.
Next, gently rinse the mouth with cold water or a lukewarm saltwater solution to cleanse the area. This helps reduce infection risk and swelling. After rinsing, assess the cut’s severity. Applying a cold compress or ice wrapped in a cloth to the outside of the mouth can further reduce swelling and alleviate pain.
When to Seek Professional Medical Care
While many tongue cuts heal on their own, certain signs indicate the need for professional medical attention. If the bleeding does not stop after applying consistent pressure for 10 to 15 minutes, or if it restarts after initially stopping, a doctor or emergency department visit is recommended. A cut that is deep, wide, or extends completely through the tongue, or has jagged edges, often requires stitches.
Signs of infection, such as increased pain, swelling, warmth, redness, pus, or a fever, also warrant a medical consultation. Also seek care if there is persistent numbness, difficulty speaking, swallowing, or fully opening/closing the mouth, as these could indicate nerve damage or significant swelling. For children, any tongue cut might warrant quicker professional assessment due to their smaller airways and potential for rapid swelling.
Promoting Healing and Comfort
After addressing the immediate concerns, several measures can promote healing and minimize discomfort. Opt for a diet of soft, bland foods, such as yogurt, mashed potatoes, or cooked vegetables, for a few days. Avoid hot, spicy, acidic, or salty foods and beverages, as these can irritate the wound and delay healing. Staying well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water is also beneficial for oral health and recovery.
Maintaining good oral hygiene is important to prevent infection. Gently brush teeth and avoid brushing the injured area of the tongue until it has healed. Rinsing the mouth with a warm saltwater solution (about 1 teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water) several times a day, especially after meals, can help keep the wound clean and reduce infection risk. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can be used to manage discomfort as directed.