Moose are the largest species in the deer family, standing up to seven feet tall and weighing between 800 and 1,800 pounds. Their size and protective temperament make them formidable animals in North America. Wildlife agencies report that moose injure more people annually than bears. Understanding the proper response when a moose feels threatened is paramount to safety, as their defensive reactions can be swift.
Recognizing Signs of Aggression
The most effective strategy for surviving a moose charge is recognizing the animal’s pre-attack warnings. A moose preparing to defend itself will display specific physical cues signaling agitation. The hair on its hump and neck (hackles) will stand on end, and its ears will be pinned tightly back.
Watch for the moose to lower its head and begin licking or smacking its lips, clear signs of stress and an impending charge. The animal may also show the whites of its eyes or toss its head upward in a warning gesture. At the first sight of these indicators, immediately and calmly create distance. Talk softly while backing away in the direction you came, ensuring you do not run or turn your back until you are far outside the animal’s comfort zone.
Defensive Actions During a Charge
If a moose charges, its speed can reach up to 35 miles per hour. While running is the initial instinct, their speed and mass make outrunning them on open ground impossible. Your immediate priority is to place a solid, immovable object between you and the charging animal. Quickly dive behind a large tree, a substantial rock outcrop, or a vehicle to create a physical barrier. The barrier can buy you precious time.
If the moose makes contact, the necessary survival strategy is to immediately drop to the ground and play dead. Curl into a tight fetal position, protecting your head and neck with your arms and hands. This position shields your vulnerable areas from the moose’s powerful front hooves, which they use to strike and stomp. Remain motionless and silent. The moose will often stop its attack once the perceived threat is no longer moving, as its goal is usually to drive off the threat.
Post-Encounter Safety Protocol
After the moose has stopped attacking or retreated, maintain your defensive position and remain still. A moose will often circle back to check on the downed threat, and getting up too soon can trigger a renewed attack. Even if the animal appears to be walking away, it may be waiting to see if you move.
Do not attempt to move or get up for at least 15 to 20 minutes, or until the moose is completely out of sight. Patience is required, as some moose will linger for a half-hour or more. Once you are certain the animal has left the area, slowly and cautiously rise. Leave the area immediately, avoiding any path that might lead you back to where the moose or its young are present.