Greening out is an acute, negative reaction resulting from the overconsumption of cannabis, specifically the psychoactive compound delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). This temporary THC toxicity overwhelms the body and mind. Symptoms frequently include intense nausea, dizziness, a racing heart, and profound feelings of anxiety or paranoia. Although the feelings are highly uncomfortable and frightening, the effects are temporary and not typically life-threatening. Understanding that the sensation is a self-limiting reaction helps manage the initial panic.
Immediate Steps for Stabilization
The first action is to immediately stop consuming cannabis in any form, whether smoking, vaping, or edibles, to prevent further THC absorption. Since the effects of edibles can be delayed, ceasing intake is crucial to avoid stacking doses. An immediate change of setting can significantly reduce the intensity of the experience.
Move to a safe, quiet, and low-stimulus environment, such as a comfortable couch or bed, away from loud music, bright lights, or crowds that might increase anxiety. If possible, inform a trusted person nearby about what is happening. This simple act of communication helps secure the environment. Take a moment to remove any restrictive clothing, such as a tight belt or jacket, to ensure physical comfort. Focusing on these basic physical needs shifts attention away from overwhelming mental symptoms and helps establish a sense of control.
Managing Acute Physical and Mental Symptoms
Once a stable environment is established, focus on mitigating the physical and psychological distress caused by the high concentration of THC. For mental symptoms like anxiety and paranoia, controlled breathing regulates the nervous system. A simple technique is to inhale slowly for a count of four, hold for four counts, and then exhale slowly for four counts. Repeating this pattern signals to the brain that the body is not in danger, helping to calm the intense panic response.
Grounding is another technique for managing severe anxiety, pulling focus away from internal thoughts toward external reality. The “5-4-3-2-1” method involves identifying five things you can see, four things you can touch, three things you can hear, two things you can smell, and one thing you can taste.
To address physical symptoms like nausea and dizziness, sip small amounts of water to maintain hydration. Avoid consuming alcohol, caffeine, or sugary drinks, as these can exacerbate anxiety or worsen dehydration. A small, non-sugary snack, such as crackers or toast, can help stabilize blood sugar levels, which sometimes drop during a cannabis episode.
Engaging in a low-effort, familiar distraction, like listening to calming music or watching a familiar television show, can occupy the mind without requiring intense concentration. Consistently remind yourself that the feeling is temporary, which is a powerful psychological tool against panic.
Recognizing When Professional Help is Needed
While most episodes of greening out resolve with time and self-care, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention. Call emergency services if there is persistent, severe vomiting that prevents keeping down fluids, which can rapidly lead to dangerous dehydration. Difficulty breathing, severe chest pain, or a heart rate that is dangerously rapid or irregular are also signs that professional help is needed.
A medical assessment is necessary if the individual experiences a severe mental health reaction, such as a prolonged psychotic episode, hallucinations, or behavior suggesting a risk of self-harm or harm to others. The risk of severe adverse reactions is higher when cannabis has been mixed with other substances, such as alcohol or illicit drugs.
If medical personnel are called, provide them with accurate information about the substance consumed, the amount, and the method of consumption. This allows for the quickest and most effective supportive care, as medical teams focus solely on patient well-being and symptom management.